Sicilijanska večernja

Sicilijanska večernja
Segment Rat Sicilijanske večernje

slika Francesca Hayeza iz 1846. Sicilijanska večernja
Datum 30. mart 1282.
Lokacija Sicilija
Ishod Pobjeda Sicilijanaca i Aragonaca
Sukobljene strane
Sicilijanski pobunjenici
Bizantsko Carstvo
Kruna Aragona 		Anžuvinci
Komandanti i vođe
Alaimo Lentini Karlo I. Anžuvinac (Charles d'Anjou)

Sicilijanska večernja (talijanski: Vespri siciliani) je naziv za masakr, nad Francuzima, kojim je počela pobuna na Siciliji 1282. godine protiv anžuvinskog kralja Karla I. i njegove vlasti nad Kraljevinom Sicilijom. Masakr i pobuna se zove večernja jer je počela za večernje mise na uskrsni ponedjeljak 30. marta 1282 u .palermskoj crkvi Santo Spirito.[1] U samoj crkvi ubijen je neki francuski vojnik Drouet koji se nedolično ponašao prema ženi nekog mladog sicilijanskog aristokrata, našto je ovaj izvukao mač i ubio ga.

Nakon tog su stanovnici Palerma slijedili njegov primjer i u istoj noći i u ranim jutarnjim satima 31. marta, krenuli u lov na Francuske stanovnike Palerma i pobili 2 000 ljudi i žena.[1]

Pozadina pobune

Uzroci pobune ležali su s jedne strane u stalnim sukobima tadašnjih careva Svetog Rimskog Carstva - Hohenstaufena sa papama oko kontrole nad Apeninskim poluotokom. Kad je - 1266. sa sicilijinaskog trona svrgnut zadnji Hoenštaufovac, Manfred Sicilijanski, papa Urban IV. je okrunio Karla I. Anžuvinca za kralja Sicilije 1266.

S druge strane aragonski kralj Pedro III, koji je bio Manfredov zet bio je direktni rival Karla I. i želio je Siciliju za sebe, pa je tajnim kanalima poticao lokalno stanovništvo na pobunu protiv Francuza.[1]

Sam Karlo I. doveo je sa sobom gomilu Francuza, da upravljaju njegovom novom kraljevinom. Radikalno povećanje poreza, nepoznavanje jezika i običaja, navukli su gnjev stanovnika na Francuze.

Legende oko početka pobune

Oko same pobune iznikle su brojne sicilijanske legende, koje se uglavnom svode na to da su francuski vojnici često silovali domaće djevojke.

Tako još i danas kola priča da je masakr počeo kad je neka žena krenula u crkvu tražiti svoju kćer, koja se u crkvi molila. Našla je kćer, koju je silovao francuski vojnik, pa je na to majka izletila na ulicu i vikala Ma fia! Ma fia!, što na sicilijanskom znači moja kći, moja kći, na to su skočili prisutni pronašli silovatelja i ubili ga. Iz tog se događaja rodila riječ - mafija, ipak razumni tvrde da je to samo narodna legenda.

Posljedice

Nakon tog masakra, koji se proširio na cijelu Siciliju, Pedro III iskrcao se sa svojom vojskom u Trapaniju 30. augusta [1] i uz veliku podršku lokalnih stanovnika svrgnuo Karla I., koji je izbjegao u Napulj i nastavio vladati nad tim dijelom dotadašnjeg kraljevstva kao novim Napuljskim kraljevstvom sve do svoje smrti 1285.

Povezano

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 „Sicilian Vespers” (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 18. 06. 2013. 

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