Mlade Osmanlije

Mlade Osmanlije (turski: Yeni Osmanlılar) su bili politički pokret aktivan pri kraju Osmanskog carstva. Pojavili su se 1865. godine, zagovarali su osmanski nacionalizam, bili su usvojili pouk teoretičara Francuske revolucije kao što su Montesquieu i Rousseau, i razvili su prvi osmanski ustav i parlamentarni sustav.

Često u svakodnevnom govoru ne pravi se razlika između Mladih Osmanlija i Mladoturaka. Pak su to dva različita pojma. Mladoturci nastaju 1906. u Solunu a njihov najznamenitiji vođa će kroz Prvi svjetski rat postati Kemal Ataturk, budući osnivač i reformator Turske republike. Mladoturci nastavljaju političku liniju Mladih Osmanlija, mada su oni nešto mlađa generacija, radikalnija, sklona oružanoj revoluciji i napose vojnim krugovima.

Mlade Osmanlije u 1860-im

Mlade Osmanlije nisu bili homogena politička skupina, ne može se o njima govoriti kao o nekoj organizaciji, o koherentnoj i ciljanoj skupini. To je točnije bio jedan generacijski val, ili politički pravac u jednoj turskoj generaciji. Ponekad su ideje pojedinaca se međusobno podudarale a ponekad su bile potpuno suprotne jedna drugoj.

Mlade Osmanlije nastaju kada u turskom društvu se diže glas onih koji su smatrali da su Tanzimatske reforme bile nedovoljne. Oni su predlagali rješenje osmanskom problemu putem birokratske reforme, usavršavanjem sustava i uspostavljanjem demokracije. Dakle, u modernističko–liberalnom pokretu Tanzimata se stvara ogranak opozicije koji zagovara radikalniji – mada još uvijek liberalan – postupak prema idealima republike. U tom krugu mladih liberalnih intelektualaca, najistaknutiji član je Namik Kemal.

Oko 1867. dobili su podršku od uglednog Mustafa Fazil-paše. Pokret su sultanske vlasti progonile i Mlade Osmanlije su provele duge godine u izgnanstvu. Neki od njih su se vratili u Tursku za vrijeme reformi sultana Abdulhamida II.

U 1876. veliki vezir Mithat Paša uz pomoć Namika Kemala je otvorio uredničke razgovore koji su doveli do prvog Osmanskog ustava iz decembra 1876.

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