Kućni pritvor

Kućni pritvor u najširem smislu označava mjeru kojom neka država pojedincu ograničava kretanje, a koja je u pravilu blaža od zatvaranja, te služi kao alternativa pritvoru i zatvorskoj kazni. Osoba koja se nalazi u kućnom pritvoru može slobodno koristiti vlastito prebivalište ili boravište (kuća, stan ili imanje), ali su putovanja odnosno komunikacija s vanjskim svijetom (bilo kroz korespondenciju ili primanje posjeta) zabranjena ili strogo ograničena.

Kućni pritvor je mjera koja se kroz historiju obično primjenjivala za pripadnike vladajuće klase ili društvene elite koji bi pali u nemilost vlastodržaca, a čije se pogubljenje, zatvaranje ili progonstvo smatralo neprikladnim iz političkih razloga. U 20. vijeku je ta mjera stekla veliki publicitet, s obzirom da su je prakticirali razni autokratski i totalitarni režimi.

Od 1980-ih se, pak, kućni pritvor sve češće koristi za obične kriminalce, odnosno uveden je u krivična zakonodavstva mnogih zemalja s ciljem da se izbjegne dugotrajno i skupo zatvaranje osoba koja su počinila manja krivična djela ili prekršaje. Popularnosti te mjere je pomogao razvoj tehnologije, odnosno posebne elektronske narukvice koje su osobe u kućnom pritvoru dužne nositi, a koje daju upozorenje vlastima svaki put kada pokušaju napustiti kućni pritvor. Osim osoba koje su osuđene na kućni pritvor umjesto na zatvorsku kaznu, ova se mjera primjenjuje na okrivljenike za vrijeme istrage, odnosno za osuđenike uvjetno puštene iz zatvora.

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