Kičmena moždina

Presek kičmene moždine

Kičmena moždina je smeštena u kičmenom kanalu, koji je nastao spajanjem nanizanih kičmenih pršljenova. Cilindričnog je oblika i ima centralni kanal u sredini. Sa obe stane kičmene moždine polaze nervi koji su segmentalno raspoređeni. Od kičmene moždine polazi 31 par moždanih nerva . Moždanski nervi premose signale u oba smera.

Raspored sive i bele mase je obrnut u odnosu na veliki mozak – bela masa je spolja, a siva se nalazi unutra. Siva masa na poprečnom preseku daje oblik latiničnog slova H, naime, ona obrazuje jedan par leđnih i jedan par trbušnih rogova. Sa leđnih rogova polaze senzitivna, a sa trbušnih motorna nervna vlakna pa se po izlasku iz kičmene moždine sjedinjuju u zajednički nerv. Belu masu čine uzlazna i silazna nervna vlakna kojima se provode nadražaji ka mozgu kao i impulsi od mozga ka raznim organima. Kičmena moždina je prema tome sprovodnik nadražaja u pravcu mozga (uzlazna nervna vlakna) kao i impulsa koji se šalju od mozga (silazna vlakna). Osim toga, ona je centar za mnoge proste reflekse.

Refleksna funkcija

Ostvaruje se tako što se u kičmenoj moždini nalaze centri niza različitih refleksa:

  • elementarni (osnovni) refleksi u koje spadaju refleksi savijanja (fleksije) i opružanja (ekstenzije) mišića udova;
  • mišićni tonus, svi mišići se nalaze u stanju nekog napona (tonusa) jer se do njih iz kičmene moždine stalno šalju impulsi koji ih nadražuju; proprioreceptori, koji se nalaze u mišićima i tetivama, stalno šalju impulse do kičmene moždine, a iz nje motornim vlaknima impulsi idu do mišića što izaziva njihov stalan tonus
  • vazomotorni refleks, širenje i sužavanje lumena krvnih sudova;
  • refleksi mokrenja i defekacije
  • seksualni refleksi, erekcija i ejakulacija kod muškarca.

Vanjske veze


Nervni sistem

Difuzan nervni sistem | Ganglioneran nervni sistem | Vrpčast nervni sistem | Lestvičast nervni sistem

Cevast nervni sistem:
Centralni nervni sistem (Mozak, Kičmena moždina) - Periferni nervni sistem - Somatski nervni sistem - Autonomni nervni sistem


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