Jupiter (mitologija)

Statua boga Jupitera

Jupiter je otac i gospodar bogova u klasičnoj staro-rimskoj mitologiji. Pobijedio je Titane, svrgnuo svog oca Saturna, dao Neptunu more, Plutonu pakao, a za sebe zadržao nebo i Zemlju. Grci su ga zvali Zeus.

Jupiter je bog svjetla. On šalje grmljavinu i munju, zaštitnik je pravde, istine, ćudoređa, vojsku zaustavlja u bijegu i dosuđuje joj pobjedu.

U povijesno doba je Jupiter Optimus Maksimus glavno božanstvo Rima. Najstariji hram rimskog državnog kulta na kapitoliju posvećen je Jupiteru, Junoni i Minervi; u njemu je Senat donosio odluke o objavljivanju rata, tu su se potpisivali međunarodni ugovori i vojskovođe prinosili žrtve, a pobijednički imperatori su na povratku u Rim u trijumfalnoj povorci najprije polazili u Jupiterov hram. Po Rimskom Carstvu podizani su mnogi hramovi u čast Jupitera (najčešće na brežuljcima) koji su predstavljali simbol rimske moći. U čast Jupiteru priređivale su se svake godine u septembru ludi Romani.

U carsko doba često ga u kultu indetificiraju sa različitim, stranim, posebno orijentalnim bogovima (Jupiter Optimus Maksimus Serapis, Sabazios, Dolicksenus i dr.).

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