Električni grijač

Električni grijači u grijalici

Električni grijač (električni grejač) je uređaj koji pretvara električnu u toplotnu energiju. Posebno je izrađen tako da se zagrijava do optimalne temperature za rad i prenosi toplotu na svoje okruženje.

Kao pretvarači energije, grijači imaju 100% iskoristivost, zato što se sva utrošena električna energija pretvara u toplotu.

Električni grijači dolaze u raznim oblicima i snagama da zadovolje razne potrebe. Oblici su razni: namotane spirale, spiralni cilindri, trake, ploče i drugi. Primjeri nekih električnih grijača su grijalica (grejalica), grijač sušača za kosu, grijaće ploče na pećima i drugi.

Grijači često koriste nikl-hrom (NiCr) žicu ili neku drugu pogodnu kao otporni element.

Proračun

Proizvedena toplota se može jednostavno izračunati uz pomoć Omovog zakona za snagu, dakle:

ili ili

Gdje je P snaga u W, U napon u V, i I struja u A.

Na primjer, ako nam je poznato da je otpor žice 100 Oma, a napon je 220 Volti, uzevši formulu:

, dobijamo = 484 W. Naravno, sa zagrijavanjem žice raste njen otpor, pa je naš proračun tačan samo za male promjene temperature.

Povezano

Literatura

  • Robert N. Bateson, Introduction to Control System Technology, , Prentice Hall. Šablon:Page1, strane 344-346.

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