Café philosophique

Marc Sautet u kafeu koji nosi naziv Café de Phares (Pariz 1994)
Café de Phares (Pariz) - the Prvi café philosophique u svijetu

Filozofski kafe ili filo-kafe (fra. Café philosophique) je forum običnih građana okupljenih radi filozofskih diskusija, osnovan od strane Marc-a Sautet-a u Parizu, 13.decembra 1992. godine.[1]

Oko stotinu filo-kafea je postojalo u Francuskoj i oko 150 u svjetu u vreme smrti osnivača prvog kafea ovakve vrste - Marc-a Sautet-a, 1998. godine.[2]

Koncept

Teme o kojima se diskutuje u filo-kafeima jako variraju, od mita o Deda Mrazu, preko istine o lepoti i sexu, do smrti. U njima se postavljaju pitanja poput "Šta je to činjenica?" i "Da li je nada nasilna stvar?". Sautet je učinio da diskusije zvuče i deluju zabavno i zanimljivo. Koncept je doveo do zbližavanja ljudi u okviru prijateljskog foruma gde oni mogu slobodno da razmenjuju ideje. Kafe je promovisao atmosferu u kojoj su ljudi mogli pričati dok se relaksiraju pijući kafu. Ovaj koncept je naposletku doveo do stvaranja prvog filo-kafea koji je Sautet osnovao.


Hiljade gostiju-učesnika u filo-kafeima širom svjeta su usvojili Sautet-ove ideje kao način da unaprede svoje razmišljanje. Prilikom iznošenja ideja vodi se računa o preciznosti u izražavanju i logičkoj ispravnosti. Koncepti koji se iznose su u duhu tolerancije i otvorenosti. Ideja o Sautet-ovom filozofskom kafeu se raširila po svjetu. Nastala u Francuskoj, ideja je kasnije preneta u Englesku, Njemačku, Belgiju, Austriju, Švajcarsku, Finsku i kasnije širom Evrope i svjeta, pa danas postoji i u Kanadi, Južnoj Americi, Grčkoj, Australiji, Japanu i SAD-u.[3] Zbog ovako velikog uspjeha, francuski predsjednik Jacque Chirac je poslao osnivača na dobrovoljnu misiju promovisanja ideje po Južnoj Americi.

Povijest

Francuski institut u Škotskoj, u Edinburgu takođe ima filozofski kafe sa veoma dugom tradicijom, koja počinje još u doba velikog filozofa David-a Hum-a. Osoblje Francuskog Instituta u Škotskoj takođe uzima učešća u predavanjima filozofije koja se održavaju u škotskim osnovnim školama, na primer u Clackmannan-u. U Engleskoj forum pod nazivom Filozofski kafe se održavao u Cromfordu (Derbyshire) u knjižari od svog osnivanja 1993. godine, gde je do 2009. godine održano oko 100 okupljanja. Ovaj forum je osnovao Evan Rutherford, filozof i vajar iz Wirksworth-a. Javna večernja okupljanja su obično organizovana i vođena od strane članova i saradnika, a ne od strane profesionalnih filozofa, mada su poznati filozofi uvjek bili dobrodošli. Tekstovi pojedinih diskusija se mogu pročitati na internetu.

Kako se Osmansko carstvo širilo po Evropi u XVII stoljeću, u Beču se rodila ideja da se napravi mjesto gde bi ljudi mogli da se sreću i diskutuju o različitim temama ispijajući čaj ili kafu. Turski kafei prilagođeni zapadnoj kulturi su postali mjesto gde se prijatelji susreću da popiju piće i porazgovaraju. Tradicionalna helenistička Agora je premeštena sa centralnog javnog trga u centar grada u kafe. Filozofi, pjesnici, pisci i intelektualci svih vrsta su počeli da koriste ova mjesta za svoja okupljanja.

1686. godine Sicilijanac Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli je osnovao Cafe Procope u rue de l'Ancienne Comédie, Latinskom kvartu Pariza poznatom i kao Šesti Arrodissement. To je bio prvi kafe u Parizu. Pojedini intelektualci koji su često posećivali ovaj kafe radi filozofskih diskusija tijekom istorije su: Victor Hugo, Paul Verlaine, Honore de Balzac, Pierre Augustin Coron de Beaumarchais, Francois-Marie Arouet, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Georges Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, Denis Diderot...

Prije Drugog svjetskog rata mnogi pjesnici, slikari, pisci koji su pripadali nadrealnom pokretu su posjećivali kafe Montparnasse u Parizu. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata u mnogim kafeima u latinskoj četvrti Pariza je bio primjetan utjecaj egzistencijalizma. Filozof Jean-Paul Sartre je sproveo nekoliko filozofskih diskusija u Cafe de Flore. Ovi "filozofski kafei" su bili istorijski počeci Sautetovog filozofskog kafea.

Café philosophique

Sautet je svoju ideju o filozofskom kafe-u prvi put ostvario u Place de la Bastille, u delu Pariza poznatom kao Cafe des Phares, 13. decembra 1992. godine. On bi obično okupio nekolicinu prijatelja u svom filozofskom kafe-u svake nedelje ujutro u 11 časova i otvorio bi filozofsku debatu koja je obično trajala oko dva sata. Njegova lična filozofija je imala tendenciju povratka osnovnim principima rezonovanja i bila je namenjena običnim ljudima a ne aristokratama.[4] Neka od prvih okupljanja su bila sačinjena od desetak ljudi. Kasnije su počeli da se pridružuju studenti, razno-razni ekscentrični građani, taksisti na pauzama, bogate žene kojima je dosadno...[5] Kako je rasla popularnost ovih događaja, oni su počeli da se održavaju redovito svake nedjelje i okupljali su i do 200 ljudi. Sautet je konačno uspjeo da prenese filozofiju iz univerzitetskih kabineta i na neki način je "vrati" sa fakultetskih katedri u javnost među obične građane. Čineći to, bio je izopćen od strane stručnjaka kao "izdajica" klasične, formalne filozofske misli i višeg obrazovanja generalno.[6]

Izvori

  1. ↑ Chaplin, p. 282: Philosopher Marc Sautet started the first "cafe-philo" at the Cafe des Phares on the Place de la Bastille in Paris.
  2. ↑ Simons, Marlise (May 2, 1998). "Thought For Food: Cafes Offer Philosophy In France". New York Times. pp. B9.
  3. ↑ "Steeped in Thought: The Philosophy café Movement". Archived from the original on 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2009-05-11.
  4. ↑ Steeped in Thought: The Philosophy Café Movement by Joshua Glenn, contributing editor, Britannica.com
  5. ↑ Obituary, The Times newspaper of London (UK): April 1, 1998. pg. 21
  6. ↑ Marinoff, p. 338

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