Busan

Busan
부산
Korejska imena (transliteracija)
 - Hangul 부산광역시
 - Hanja 釜山廣域市
 - Revidirana romanizacija Busan Gwangyeoksi
 - McCune-Reischauer Pusan Kwangyŏksi
Koordinate: 35°10′N 129°4′E / 35.167°N 129.067°E / 35.167; 129.067
Država Južna Koreja
Regija Yeongnam
Vlast
 - Gradonačelnik Hur Nam-sik
Površina
 - Ukupna 763,46 km²
Stanovništvo (2006.)
 - Grad 3.635.389
 - Gustoća 4.762 stanovnika/km²
Vremenska zona Standardno korejsko vrijeme (UTC+9)
Službene stranice
busan.go.kr
Karta

Busan (부산, također poznat kao Pusan) je grad na jugu Južne Koreje. Drugi je grad po veličini u Južnoj Koreji (nakon Seoula) i najveća korejska luka (peta luka po veličini u svijetu).

Historija

U 2. st. je na prostoru grada postojalo naselje Geochilsan-guk u sklopu kraljevstva Jinhan. u 3. st. je postalo dio kraljevstva Silla i nazvano je Geochilsan-gun. 757. se grad nazvao Dongnae. U 15. st. je Dongnae postao glavna luka za trgovinu Koreje s Japanom. Grad je razoren u japanskom napadu na Koreju 1592. Nakon toga su Japanci protjerani iz Koreje. Trgovina se ponovo razvija nakon 1607. kad su ponovo uspostavljeni odnosi Koreje i Japana. 1876. je Busan postao prva međunarodna luka u Koreji.

Od 1910. je Koreja pod japanskom vlašću. Busan se jače razvija jer je postao glavna komunikacijska luka Japana s Korejom. Nakon 2. svj. rata se vraća korejska nezavisnost. Busan je jedan od rijetkih južnokorejskih ratova koji u Korejskom ratu nisu zauzeli komunisti iz Sjeverne Koreje. Zbog toga je grad bio izbjeglički centar. 1950. se vodila bitka u okolici grada u kojoj su pobijedile Južna Koreja i SAD uz pomoć vojske Ujedinjenih naroda. Nakon rata se grad ubrzano razvija u sklopu Republike Koreje koja je doživjela brz gospodarski i industrijski razvoj, a Busan postaje njezina glavna luka. Južna Koreja mnogo proizvodi i izvozi, a Busan je najvažnija izvozna luka.

Geografija

Busan je smješten na jugu Korejskog poluotoka na ušću rijeke Nakdong. Nalazi se u dijelu Koreje koji je najbliže Japanu, te je to glavni uzrok razvoja lučkih djelatnosti. Najbliža japanska luka je Fukuoka. Grad je sagrađen na brdovitom terenu s nekoliko brežuljaka unutar grada. Ima dobru prirodnu luku koja je zaklonjena otokom Yeongdo.

Klima je monsunska s kišovitim ljetima i sušnim zimama. Male su godišnje razlike temperature. Grad je često na udaru tajfuna (najrazorniji su bili Sarah 1959. i Maemi 2003.

Gospodarstvo

Busan je peta luka u svijetu po količini prometa. Postoji slobodna gospodarska zona Busan-Jinhae. Razvija se financijski sektor i grad namjerava postati korejski financijski centar.

Znamenitosti

U gradu postoje mnogi budistički hramovi (najpoznatiji je Beomeosa). Postoji tvrđava Jwasuyeong. Značajan je toranj s vidikovcem Busan Tower. Unutar grada postoji termalni izvor Heosimcheong na kojem su sagrađene najveće toplice u Aziji. Na obližnjem otoku Yeongdo je park prirode Taejongdae s poznatim klifovima.

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