Borough Enfield

Enfield
London Borough of Enfield
Koordinate: 51°38′N 0°3′W / 51.633°N 0.050°W / 51.633; -0.050
država  UK
Regija Istočna Engleska
Ceremonijalna grofovija Greater London
Površina
 - Ukupna 80.83 km²[1]
Stanovništvo (2015.)
 - Grad 328,433[1]
 - Gustoća 4,063.3 stan. / km²[1]
Vremenska zona UTC+0 (UTC+1)
Poštanski broj EN, N, E
Pozivni broj 01992, 020
Karta
Enfield na karti Greater Londona
Enfield na karti Greater Londona

Enfield na karti Greater Londona

Enfield službeno engleski London Borough of Enfield je jedan od 19 borougha Vanjskog Londona (Outer London) metropolitanske grofovije Greater London[2] u kom živi 328,433 stanovnika.[1]

Geografija

Enfield leži na sjeverozapadnom rubu londonske metropole, po teritoriju koji je nekad pripadao historijskoj Grofoviji Middlesex.[2]

Istočni dio općini leži u dolini rijeka Lea, zapadni dio je viši, formiran od valovitih oranica i parka Enfield Chase, koji je dio u londonskog zelenog pojasa.[2]

U okviru njegovih granica leže kvartovi, nekadašnji gradovi (od sjevera prema jugu); Botany Bay, Clayhill, Bulls Cross, Hadley Wood, Forty Hill, Enfield Wash, Chase Side, Brimsdown, Enfield, Cockfosters (djelomično), Ponders End, Bush Hill, Southgate (djelomično), Winchmore Hill, Lower Edmonton, Palmers Green, New Southgate, Upper Edmonton i djelomično Bowes Park.[2]

Etničke manjine čine oko 1 / 5 stanovništva borougha, a najbrojniji su doseljenici iz Južne Azije i Kariba.[2]

Historija

Današnji borough - Enfield osnovan je 1965. spajanjem dotadašnjih borougha; Enfield, Edmonton i Southgate.[2]

Enfield i Edmonton, u kom je sve do 1881. bio i Southgate, dokumentirani su kao naselja u Domesday Booku 1086. Za srednjeg vijeka postali su kraljevski feudi. Grad Enfield je prvu povelju da može održavati sajam dobio početkom 14. vijeka, pa je do 1632. podignut i sajamski trg.[2]

Čitav taj kraj prosperirao je zahvaljujući prometu uz staru sjevernu cestu i po rijeci Lea. Velik rast stanogradnje i doseljavanja u Edmonton i Southgate, uslijedilo je nakon pojeftinjenja karata prigradske željeznice za radnike 1870.[2]

Dvije glavne prometne arterije prolaze preko borougha, duž njih nižu se pogoni lake industrije. Duž kanaliziranog korita rijeke Lea ima pogona drvne industrije. Enfield još uvijek ima metalurških pogona, iako je tvornica Royal Small Arms, koja je proizvodila puške - Snider-Enfield po kojima je bio slavan zatvorena 1988.[2] Borough je dobro povezan sa centrom Londona prigradskim željezničkim linijama i londonskim metroom.[2]

Znamenitosti

Crkva sv. Andrije u gradu Enfieldu podignuta je uglavnom od 14. do 15. vijeka. Crkva Svih Svetih u Edmontonu je građevina iz 15. vijeka s tragovima normanske arhitekture. Značajna je i zgrada gimnazije iz 16. vijeka u Enfieldu [2]

U Enfieldu se školovao i šegrtovao pjesnik John Keats.[2]

Više od 1 / 10 borougha su zelene površine i parkovi. Duž kanala iz 17. vijeka - Nova Rijeka, uređene su pješačke staze i zone žrekreacije, slična stvar se odvija i sa dolinom rijeke Lea koja se pretvara u zelenu oazu koja se proteže duboko do londonskog East Enda.[2]

Pobratimski gradovi

Izvori

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 „United Kingdom: Greater London” (engleski). City population. Pristupljeno 30. 01. 2017. 
  2. ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 „Enfield” (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica. Pristupljeno 30. 01. 2017. 

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