Blizanci (zviježđe)

Blizanci (lat.:Gemini)
Gemini
klikni za veću sliku
Kratica Gem
Genitiv Geminorum
Simbolizira: Kastor i Polideuk
Rektascenzija 7 h
Deklinacija 20°
Površina 514 sq. deg. (rang: 30.)
Broj zvijezda
sjajnijih od m = 3 		4
Najsjanija zvijezda Poluks (β Gem)
(Priv. mag. 1.1)
Meteorski pljuskovi
Susjedna
zviježđa
Vidljivo u rasponu zemljopisnih širina: +90° i −60°
U najboljem položaju za promatranje u 21h je u mjesecu veljači.
vidi i Kategorija:Blizanci (zviježđe)

Blizanci (lat. Gemini) je jedno od zviježđa zodijaka. Konstelacija sjeverne polutke vidljiva za vrijeme zime, pozicionirana između Bika, Raka, Kočijaša, Risa, Jednoroga i Malog Psa.

Značajni objekti dubokog svemira

Najpoznatiji objekt je otvoreni skup M35. Pokraj njega se nalazi tamniji i udaljeniji otvoreni skup NGC 2158. Zviježđe sadrži i nekoliko planetarnih maglice od kojih se ističu Maglica Eskim. Zbog specifičnog oblika plinske ovojnice, maglica u teleskopu izgleda kao glava Eskima s parkom. U središtu zviježđa nalazi se tamnija planetarna maglica, NGC 2371. Maglice je specifična po tome što je podjeljena na dva dijela.

U Blizancima nalazi se i pulsar Geminga. Geminga je nama najbliži pulsar, udaljen samo 552 ly. Pulsar je nastao u eksploziji supernove prije otprilike 300,000 godina.

Zvijezde

  • Kastorr (α Blizanaca) - šesterostruka zvijezda, magnitude + 1.58, udaljena oko 49.8 ly
  • Poluks (β Blizanaca) - narančasti div, magnitude + 1.15, udaljena oko 33.7 ly
  • Alhena (γ Blizanaca) - magnitude + 1.93, udaljena oko 105 ly
  • μ Blizanaca - magnitude + 2.87, udaljena oko 232 ly
  • η Blizanaca - dvostruka zvijezda, magnitude + 3.15, udaljena oko 350 ly, pratioc ima sjaj od + 8.80 magnituda

Mitologija

Najsvjetlije zvijezde ovoga zviježđa zovu se Kastor i Poluks (α i β Geminorum), po istoimenim božanskim blizancima iz grčke mitologije. Nazivani su još i Dioskuri, a bili su sinovi boga Zeusa i Lede, te braća Helene i Klitemnestre. Rimska mitologija odaje mnogo veće poštovanje Kastoru (Castore). Latinsko Polideukovo ime glasi Poluks (Pollux). Njihov se dan slavio 15. srpnja, a hram im je stajao na rimskom forumu. Drevni ih izvori vežu i uz jutarnju i večernju zvijezdu.

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