Biološko ratovanje

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Biološko ratovanje je korištenje patogena (bakterija, virusa ili drugih organizama koji izazivaju bolesti) ili toksina koji se mogu naći u prirodi kao oružja u ratu. Biološko ratovanje može za cilj imati ubiti, onesposobiti ili ozbiljno narušiti borbene sposobnosti neprijatelja. Pod tim se podrazumijevaju i mjere obrane od takvih aktivnosti.

Proizvodnja i skladištenje biološkog oružja ("ofanzivno biološko ratovanje") je zabranjeno godine 1972. temeljem Konvencije o biološkom oružju (BWC), koju je potpisalo preko 100 država. Konvencija je još uvijek na snazi. Kao razlog za postizanje sporazuma se navodi nastojanje da se izbjegnu strahovite posljedice uspješnog biološkog napada koje bi mogle uzrokovati smrt miliona ljudi, odnosno poremećaje ili mogući nestanak cijelih društava i ekonomija. Zanimljivo je da konvencija zabranjuje proizvodnju i skladištenje, ali ne i korištenje biološkog oružja. Većina vojnih analitičara vjeruje da je malo vjerojatno da će se ta oružja koristiti, osim u slučajevima bioterorizma. Mnoge države vrše istraživanja "defenzivnog biološkog ratovanja" (obrambene ili zaštitne mjere) koja nisu zabranjena Konvencijom.

Glavni problem u vojnoj primjeni biološkog oružja na taktičkoj razini je u tome što bi mu trebali dani da pokaže neke efekte te, za razliku od nuklearnog ili kemijskog napada, ne bi bio u stanju zaustaviti ili uništiti neprijateljske snage. Biološko ratovanje je problematično i na strateškoj razini jer je teško zaustaviti širenje efekata tog napada, bilo na saveznike bilo na samog napadača, a dok napad pokaže efekte, napadnuti može poduzeti masovnu odmazdu.

 Ovaj članak o vojnoj temi je u začetku. Možete pomoći Wikipediji tako što ćete ga proširiti.

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