Avaš

Avaš
Lokacija
Države Etiopija
GradoviMetehara, Avaš, Gevane, Asaita
Hidrografija
Izvor
  – aps. visina		Planina Varke
? m
Ušće
  – aps. visina		Jezero Abe (Abe Bad)
? m
Dužina1200 km
PritokeLogija, Mile, Borkana, Germama, Logija, Havadi, Kabena, Durkham
Hidrologija
Protok
  – srednji
46,2 m³/s
Sliv
  – površina
18 710 km²
Ulijeva se uJezero Abe

Avaš (engleski : Awash; afarski: Veajot) je najduža rijeka u Etiopiji, koja u cjelosti teče unutar granica Etiopije, i povezuje u lanac jezera na svom toku, od južnog Jezera Gemeri do krajnjeg slanog Jezera Abe, na granici s Džibutijem, oko 100 km od Zaljeva Tadjora. Slijev rijeke Avaš pokriva dijelove etiopskih regija Amhara, Oromija i Somali, kao i južni dio Afara.

Hidrografija

Avaš izvire na južnim padinama Planine Varke, zapadno od Adis Abebe u woredi (regija Oromija). Odale Avaš teče prema jugu do okuke kod Planine Zukuala, zatim mjenja smjer te teče u pravcu istoka prolazeći kroz Nacionalni park Avaš, tu prima s lijeve strane glavnu pritoku rijeku Germama (ili Kasam), potom teče u pravcu sjeveroistoka i utječe u Jezero Gemeri. Rijeka Avaš je duga oko 1200 km. [1] U svom srednjem toku rijeka teče kroz uske kanjone, široke oko 60 m., za suše vodotok padne do dubine od svega 1, 2 m, ali za kiša naraste do 15-20 metara i pretvara se u divlju bujicu koja nosi sve pred sobom i valja ogromne kamene stijene.

Najvažnije pritoke rijeke Avaš pored spomenutog Germama su: Logija, Mile, Borkana, Ataje, Havadi, Kabena i Durkham. Rijeka Avaš protječe pored naselja; Metehara, Avaš, Gevane i Asaita.

Historija uz rijeku Avaš

Kanjon donjeg Avaša
Svjetska baština – UNESCO
 Etiopija (Afrika)
Registriran:1980 (4. zasjedanje)
Vrsta:Kulturno dobro
Mjerilo:ii, iii, iv
Ugroženost:no
Referenca:UNESCO

Srednji tok rijeke Avaš i njegova okolica bio je stanište prvih hominida, tu su pronađeni najstariji ostatci hominidnih kostiju - australopithecusa afarensisa poput Lucy (kod Harara). Zbog toga je rijeka Avaš uvrštena u UNESCO-ov popis svjetske baštine 1980 kao kulturno dobro čovječanstva.

Dolina rijeke Avaš u svom donjem dijelu, je historijski dom naroda Afari. Za srednjeg vijeka tu su se razvila kraljevstva; Davaro, Fatakar, Ifat i Šoa.[2]

Prvi evropljanin koji je istražio tok rijeke Avaš od izvora do njegova kraja u oazi Ausa bio je Wilfred Thesiger, kojem je to pošlo za rukom 1933 /1934. Prije njega je to pokušao L.M. Nesbitt, ali je on uspio samo dijelomično slijediti tok rijeke za ekspedicije 1928 od rijeke Asaita, sjeverno kroz kanjon Afar do Crvenog mora. [3])

  • Na rijeci Avaš, je izgrađena 1960 godine Brana Koka oko 75 kilometara od Adis Abebe, za potrebe hidroelektrane, koja je postala glavni izvor električne energije u tom kraju. Tako je nastalo Jezero Koka koje ima površinu od oko 180 km2.

Izvori

  1. ↑ „"Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2010-11-13. Pristupljeno 2010-10-04. 
  2. ↑ Richard Pankhurst, The Ethiopian Borderlands (Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1997), str. 61
  3. ↑ As related in his memoirs, Hell-Hole of Creation: The Exploration of Abyssinian Danakil (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935.)

Bibliografija

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