Špageti-vestern

Špageti-vestern, znan i kao italijanski vestern ili makaroni vestern (poglavito u Japanu),[1] je široki podžanr vesterna koji se pojavio u 1960-ima nakon što je Sergio Leone svojim stilom ostvario velik uspjeh na međunarodnom tržištu. Termin su skovali američki filmski kritičari i druge zemlje jer ove vesterne nisu režirali i producirali Amerikanci, već "tuđinci" Italijani. Glumac Aldo Sambrell tvrdi da je frazu "špageti vestern" skovao talijanski novinar Alfonso Sancha.[2] U Italiji se ovi vesterni pak zovu western all'italiana ("vestern na talijanski način"). Italo-Western se također koristi, osobito u Njemačkoj. Pojam Eurovestern može se koristiti i za vesterne koji su snimljeni u Europi, izvan Italije, poput njemačkih Winnetou filmova, ili "Ostern", rijetkih vesterna snimljenih u tadašnjoj istočnoj Europi, poput čehoslovačkog Lemonade Joe. Većina ovih filmova bile su međunarodne koprodukcije između Italije, Španije, a katkad i Francuske, Njemačke, Jugoslavije i SAD-a.

Ovi filmovi su izvorno pušteni u distribuciju u Italiji, ali su povremeno imale multijezične glumce te je zvuk bio naknadno sinkroniziran, zbog čega nemaju italijanski kao zvanični dominatni jezik.[3] Tipičan špageti-vestern imao je italijanskog režisera, italijansko-španjolsku[4] filmsku ekipu, te italijanske, španjolske, njemačke i američke glumce. Najpoznatiji američki glumac svakako je postao Clint Eastwood u tri filmova Sergija Leona.

Preko 600 europskih vesterna je snimljeno između 1960. i 1980.[5] Najpoznatiji su oni koje je režirao Leone a glazbu skladao Ennio Morricone: trilogija o dolarima: Za šaku dolara (1964), Za dolar više (1965) i Dobar, loš, zao (1966). Ta tri se često navode kao jedani od najboljih vesterna uopće.[6]

Povezano

Izvori

  1. ↑ „A Fistful of Dollars (The Christopher Frayling Archives: A Fistful of Dollars)”. Los Angeles, California: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. 1967. 
  2. ↑ Joyner, C. Courtney Aldo Sambrell Interview The Westerners: Interviews with Actors, Directors, Writers and Producers McFarland, 14 October 2009, str. 180
  3. ↑ Frayling (2006) str. 68-70
  4. ↑ Fridlund (2006) p.5
  5. ↑ Riling (2011) str. 334.
  6. ↑ Top 100 Western Movies at Rotten Tomatoes

Literatura

  • Fisher, Austin (2011). Radical Frontiers in the Spaghetti Western: Politics, Violence and Popular Italian Cinema. 175 Fifth Avenue New York NY: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 1-84885-578-8. 
  • Frayling, Christopher (2006). Spaghetti westerns: cowboys and Europeans from Karl May to Sergio Leone (Revised paperback edition). London, New York:I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84511-207-3. Pristupljeno 27 April 2011. 
  • Frayling, Christopher: Sergio Leone: Something to Do with Death (London: Faber, 2000)
  • Fridlund, Bert: The Spaghetti Western. A Thematic Analysis. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland & Company Inc., 2006. Print.
  • Gale, Richard (2003). „SPAGHETTI WESTERNS”. Journal of Popular Film & Television 30 (4): 231. 
  • Liehm, Mira. Passion and Defiance: Film in Italy from 1942 to the Present. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984. Print.
  • McClain, William (2010). „Western, Go Home! Sergio Leone and the 'Death of the Western' in American Film Criticism”. Journal of Film & Video 6 (1/2): 52–66. DOI:10.5406/jfilmvideo.62.1-2.0052. 
  • Riling, Yngve P, The Spaghetti Western Bible. Limited Edition, (Riling, 2011). Print
  • Weisser, Thomas, Spaghetti Westerns: the Good, the Bad and the Violent — 558 Eurowesterns and Their Personnel, 1961–1977. (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1992)

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