Языки Зимбабве

В Зимбабве говорят или исторически говорили на многих языках. С момента принятия Конституции Зимбабве в 2013 году в стране насчитывается 16 официальных языков, а именно: чева, чибарве, английский, каланга, койсан, намбья, ндау, ндебеле, шангани, шона, язык жестов, сото, тонга, тсвана, венда и коса[1]. Все официальные языки являются приемлемыми в образовании, правительстве и т. д. Но основными языками страны являются шона, на котором говорят примерно 70 % населения, и ндебеле, на котором говорят примерно 20 %. Английский язык — это язык страны, традиционно используемый в правительстве и бизнесе, а также в качестве основного средства обучения в школах. Примерно с 4 класса обучение проводится почти полностью на английском языке.

Английский является первым языком большинства белых зимбабвийцев и вторым языком большинства чёрных зимбабвийцев, поскольку исторически сложилось так, что на африкаанс, греческом, итальянском, польском и португальском языках говорило меньшинство белых зимбабвийцев, а индийское население страны, использовавшее гуджарати и хинди, также было немногочисленным.

Глухие зимбабвийцы обычно используют одну из нескольких разновидностей зимбабвийского языка жестов, а некоторые используют американский язык жестов.

Данные по зимбабвийскому языку основаны на оценках, поскольку в Зимбабве никогда не проводилась перепись населения, в которой люди перечислялись бы по языкам.

Примечания

  1. ↑ The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda and Xhosa, are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe. (CONSTITUTION OF ZIMBABWE (final draft) Архивировано 2 октября 2013 года.).

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