Эффект Коттона — Мутона

Эффе́кт Котто́на — Муто́на (или эффект Фохта) — явление возникновения под действием магнитного поля в оптически изотропных средах двойного лучепреломления. Впервые обнаружено в коллоидных растворах Дж. Керром и (независимо от него) итальянским физиком К. Майораной[итал.] в 1901 г. Назван в честь подробно исследовавших его в 1907 году французских физиков Э. Коттона[фр.] и А. Мутона[фр.].

При распространении света поперек вектора индукции магнитного поля поляризация остается линейной, то есть наблюдается обычное двойное лучепреломление, в отличие от эффекта Фарадея: при распространении света вдоль магнитного поля возникают две волны, поляризованные по кругу и имеющие разные показатели преломления, то есть наблюдается двойное круговое лучепреломление.

Очевидно, что при распространении света в промежуточном направлении тоже возникнут две волны, но поляризация их будет уже эллиптической, то есть будет наблюдаться двойное эллиптическое лучепреломление.

Исследования эффекта Коттона — Мутона позволяют получить информацию о структуре молекул, образовании межмолекулярных агрегатов и подвижности молекул.

Электрооптическим аналогом эффекта Коттона — Мутона является эффект Керра.

См. также

Литература

  • Коттона — Мутона эффект // Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — 3-е изд. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1969—1978.
  • Сивухин Д. В. Общий курс физики. — М.. — Т. IV. Оптика.

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