Эрстед (единица измерения)

Эрсте́д (русское обозначение Э, международное обозначение Oe) — единица измерения напряжённости магнитного поля в системе СГС. Введена в 1930 году Международной электротехнической комиссией^[1], названа в честь датского физика Ханса Кристиана Эрстеда (H. C. Ørsted).

Определение

1 эрстед равен напряжённости магнитного поля в вакууме при индукции 1 гаусс.

Согласно формуле, описывающей напряжённость магнитного поля в вакууме, создаваемую прямолинейным тонким бесконечным проводником с током^{[источник не указан 93 дня]},

H={\frac {I}{2\pi l}},

где

H — напряжённость магнитного поля в эрстедах;

I — ток^{[прояснить]};

π ≈ 3,14;

l — расстояние от точки наблюдения до проводника в сантиметрах.

На расстоянии 1 см от такого проводника, по которому пропускают ток силой 5 ампер = 5·(с/10) токовых единиц СГСЭ, напряжённость магнитного поля будет равна 1 эрстеду. Также поле в 1 эрстед создаётся в центре бесконечно длинного прямого соленоида в вакууме с плотностью навивки 1000/(4π ) ≈ 79,58 витков на метр, по которому пропущен ток в 1 А.

Связь с другими единицами

Эрстед в основных единицах СГС выражается как 1 г^1/2·см^−1/2·с⁻¹.

1 эрстед = 1000/(4π) A/м ≈ 79,5774715 А/м.

В геофизике применяется также внесистемная единица измерения напряжённости магнитного поля гамма; 1 гамма = 10⁻⁵ Э.

Примечания

↑ History of IEC. Overview. Архивная копия от 19 мая 2013 на Wayback Machine
↑ Mikhail Ya. Marov. The Fundamentals of Modern Astrophysics – A Survey of the Cosmos from the Home Planet to Space Frontiers (англ.). — Springer, 2015. — P. 15. — ISBN 978-1-4614-8730-2.

Литература

Эрстед. // Физическая энциклопедия. В 5 томах. — М.: Советская энциклопедия. Главный редактор А. М. Прохоров. 1988.

Это заготовка статьи о единицах измерения. Помогите Википедии, дополнив её.

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