Ундулирующая мембрана

Ундули́рующая мембра́на (нем. unduliren — волноваться, колыхаться, от лат. undulа, уменьшит. от unda — волна) — локомоторная структура некоторых протистов. Представлена волнообразно изгибающейся складкой поверхности клетки с прилегающим к ней жгутиком.

Схема строения парабазалии Trichomonas spp. Ундулирующая мембрана и входящий в её состав жгутик отмечены цифрами 6 и 7 соответственно. У данного вида ундулирующая мембрана укреплена фибрилярным тяжем — костой (4).

Строение

Структура образована жгутиком, обычно идущим от одного из концов клетки к другому, и прилегающим к нему участком поверхностной мембраны клетки. В одних случаях ундулирующая мембрана главным образом образована за счёт развития структур жгутика, в других — за счёт развития субмембранных структур клетки, формирующих гребень, к которому прилегает жгутик. Последний обычно укреплён пучком микрофиламентов — парааксиальным тяжем. Поверхность клетки, с которой связан жгутик, часто также бывает связана с укрепляющими цитоскелетными образованиями. У парабазалий в качестве такой структуры выступает фибриллярный тяж — коста[1].

Распространение

Ундулирующая мембрана характерна для многих представителей парабазалий и кинетопластид, а также для некоторых динофлагеллят. Чаще всего эта структура встречается у видов, ведущих паразитический образ жизни. Вероятно, это связано с тем, что данным организмам приходится передвигаться в более плотной, чем вода, среде, что требует усиления двигательной активности самого тела клетки[1].

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Карпов, 2001, с. 202—204.

Литература

  • Ундулирующая мембрана // Ужи — Фидель. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1956. — С. 233. — (Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 51 т.] / гл. ред. Б. А. Введенский ; 1949—1958, т. 44).
  • Карпов С. А. . Строение клетки протистов / Гл. ред. А. А. Добровольский. — СПб.: ТЕССА, 2001. — 384 с. — ISBN 5-94086-010-9.

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