Роза (архитектура)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Роза (значения).
Роза в Страсбургском соборе

Роза (англ. rose window) — большое круглое окно в архитектуре готического стиля, расчленённое фигурным переплётом на части в виде звезды или распустившегося цветка с симметрично расположенными лепестками и застеклённое витражным стеклом[1].

Изредка встречается в церквях романского стиля (например, в церкви св. Сильвестра, Триест, Италия, XI в), обыкновенно на фасаде главного, продольного нефа, а иногда и на обоих фасадах трансепта, помещаясь довольно высоко над входными дверьми и доставляя внутренности храма обильное освещение.

В начале романской эпохи разделка розы была довольно простая: она состояла преимущественно из тонких колонок, опирающихся своими базами в кружок, занимающий середину окна, и поддерживающих своими вершинами полосу арочек, идущую по его окружности. Впоследствии, с развитием романского стиля и перехода его в готический, рисунок этой разделки все более и более усложнялся и в последнюю пору готики сделался чрезвычайно затейливым. Самые красивые оконные розы встречаются во французских соборах, например, Собор Парижской Богоматери, Амьенский собор, Шартрский собор, Руанский собор, Орлеанский собор, Собор Бове, Сент-Шапель и др.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Роза // Архитектура. Краткий справочник / М. В. Адамчик. — Минск: «Харвест», 2004. — С. 421. — 624 с. — ISBN 985-13-1842-6.

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