Производное соединение

В химии производное — это соединение, полученное из структурно схожего вещества в результате химической реакции.

Ранее производными также называли любое соединение, которое теоретически может быть образовано из другого соединения, если один атом или группу атомов заменить другим атомом или группой атомов[1]. Современная химия использует в таком контексте термин «структурный аналог», тем самым устраняя двусмысленность. Понятие «структурный аналог» распространено в органической химии.

В биохимии производными называют соединения, которые, по крайней мере теоретически, могут быть образованы из соединения- прекурсора[2].

Химические производные могут быть использованы для облегчения анализа. Например, анализ температуры плавления (ТП) может помочь в идентификации многих органических соединений. Например, можно синтезировать кристаллическое производное, такое как семикарбазон или 2,4-динитрофенилгидразон (полученный из альдегидов или кетонов). Это довольно простой способ проверки подлинности исходного соединения, при условии, что доступна таблица значений ТП производных[3]. До появления спектроскопического анализа такие методы имели широкое применение.

См. также

Ссылки

  1. ↑ Definition of Derivative. Chemicool (18 сентября 2007). Дата обращения: 18 сентября 2007. Архивировано 31 августа 2021 года.
  2. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. — Oxford University Press, 2003. — ISBN 0-19-850673-2.
  3. ↑ Williamson, Kenneth L. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments, 3rd ed.. — Boston : Houghton-Mifflin, 1999. — P. 426–7. — ISBN 0-395-90220-7.

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