Постоянная Лошмидта

Постоя́нная Ло́шмидта (число́ Ло́шмидта) — число специфированных структурных единиц (атомов, молекул, ионов, электронов или любых других частиц) в 1 м3 вещества в состоянии идеального газа при нормальных условиях (давлении в 1 атмосферу (101 325 Па) и температуре 0 °C; иногда определяется при давлении 100 кПа). Названа в честь австрийского физика И. Лошмидта.

Обозначается или и определяется формулой , где  — число Авогадро, 6,022 140 76 × 1023 моль−1 (точно),  — молярный объём (объём 1 моля) идеального газа при нормальных условиях, равный 22,413 969 54... л/моль (точно) для температуры 273,15 K (0 °C) и давления 101 325 Пa или 22,710 954 64... л/моль (точно) для температуры 273,15 K (0 °C) и давления 100 000 Пa[1].

Значение постоянной Лошмидта[1]:

  • 2,686 780 111...⋅1025 м−3 (точно) для температуры 273,15 K (0 °C) и давления 101 325 Пa;
  • 2,651 645 804...⋅1025 м−3 (точно) для температуры 273,15 K (0 °C) и давления 100 000 Пa.

До реформы СИ (до 20 мая 2019 года) число Лошмидта было измеряемой физической величиной и его значение сопровождалось погрешностью[2]:

  • NL = 2,686 7811(15)⋅1025 м−3 для температуры 273,15 K (0 °C) и давления 101 325 Пa;
  • NL = 2,651 6467(15)⋅1025 м−3 для температуры 273,15 K (0 °C) и давления 100 000 Пa.

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 CODATA 2018: Fundamental Physical Constants — Complete Listing. Архивная копия от 8 декабря 2013 на Wayback Machine.
  2. ↑ CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014. arXiv:1507.07956.

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