Марь калифорнийская

Марь калифорнийская
Научная классификация
Царство:
Клада:
Семейство:
Подсемейство:
Триба:
Вид:
Марь калифорнийская
Международное научное название
Blitum californicum S.Watson, 1874
Синонимы
  • Chenopodium californicum (S.Watson) S.Watson

Марь калифорнийская (лат. Blítum califórnicum, Chenopódium californicum) — вид североамериканских многолетних травянистых растений, относящийся к роду Жминда (Blitum), выделенному из рода Марь (Chenopodium) семейства Амарантовые (Amaranthaceae).

Распространение и местообитания

Ареал лежит на тихоокеанском побережье США и севере Мексики в штатах Калифорния и Нижняя Калифорния, соответственно.

Произрастает на открытых участках местности, на пастбищах, в пустынях, заселяет чапараль, поднимаясь в горы до высот в 2000 метров над уровнем моря.

Ботаническое описание

Растение с прямостоячими стеблями, могут образовывать заросли. Листья посажены на длинные черешки. Листовая пластинка треугольной или копьевидной формы, достигает в длину 10 сантиметров. Края листа глубоко и резко зубчатые.

Соцветия шаровидной формы состоят из клубочков, плотно сложенных из нескольких цветов. Плод с красноватым околоплодником, окружающим семя.

Использование

Растение применялось коренными американцами в качестве лекарства и как моющее средство. Семена могли использоваться для изготовления муки, а листья и побеги, после тепловой обработки, в качестве овоща.

Литература

  • Флора Северной Америки = Flora of North America. — Т. 4. (англ.)

Примечания

  1. Во многих классификациях Маревые рассматриваются как самостоятельное семейство. Системы классификации APG, основанные на молекулярном анализе ДНК, включают его в состав семейства Амарантовые.

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