Кислота Льюиса

Образование аддукта — иона аммония при взаимодействии протона — кислоты Льюиса с аммиаком — основанием Льюиса

Кислота́ Лью́иса — всякое химическое соединение — молекула либо ион, являющееся акцептором электронной пары и, таким образом, способное принять пару электронов соединения-донора (основания Льюиса) на незаполненную орбиталь с образованием соединения-аддукта[1].

В рамках электронной теории химических соединений Льюиса химическая связь образуется обобществлённой электронной парой, достраивающей электронные оболочки атомов, образующих связь, до завершенной электронной конфигурации инертного газа (правило октетов).

В качестве кислот Льюиса могут выступать как нейтральные молекулы, так и катионы: так, катионы водорода выступают в роли кислоты Льюиса при взаимодействии с водой либо аммиаком, с образованием ионов гидроксония либо аммония.

Кислотами Льюиса являются также координационно ненасыщенные соединения — как металлов, так и неметаллов, например, BF3, AlCl3, образующие аддукты с различными основаниями Льюиса:

См. также

Примечания

  1. Lewis acid // IUPAC Gold Book. Дата обращения: 7 октября 2011. Архивировано 8 марта 2017 года.

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