Исчисление процессов

Исчисление процессов или алгебра процессов — семейство связанных подходов к формальному моделированию параллельных систем.

Большой вклад в развитие данного направления теоретической информатики внесли Робин Милнер, разработавший исчисление взаимодействующих систем CCS (Calculus of Communicating Systems) и Энтони Хоар, разработавший теорию взаимодействующих последовательных процессов CSP (Communicating Sequential Processes). Другими примерами являются TCC (англ. timed concurrent constraints), алгебра общающихся систем[англ.] (ACP), LOTOS. Более современными методами являются пи-исчисление, исчисление окружений[англ.], PEPA[англ.], join-calculus и другие[1][2].

Метод рандеву

В случае CCS за основу положен механизм взаимодействия, называемый «рандеву». Это предполагает, что взаимодействие между процессами происходит мгновенно. В случае CSP взаимодействие между процессами производится при помощи сообщений.

Отличительные черты

Несмотря на разнообразие существующих исчислений процессов, включающих варианты, имеющие дело со стохастическими процессами, временны́ми ограничениями и т. п., всем исчислениям присущи следующие основные черты[3]:

  • представление взаимодействий между независимыми процессами в виде передачи сообщений, а не изменения разделяемого процессами состояния;
  • описание процессов и систем при помощи ограниченного набора примитивов и операций для комбинирования этих примитивов;
  • определение алгебраических законов для операций над процессами, позволяющих проводить эквациональные рассуждения над процессными выражениями.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Baeten, 2004.
  2. ↑ Giurca, A. Handbook of Research on Emerging Rule-Based Languages and Technologies: Open Solutions and Approaches: Open Solutions and Approaches. — Information Science Reference, 2009. — P. 224. — 862 p. — ISBN 9781605664033.
  3. ↑ Pierce, 1997.

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