Индекс инновационной способности экономики

Индекс инновационной способности экономики (National Innovative Capacity Index, NICI) — показатель национального экономического и политического потенциала, который определяет способность производить поток коммерчески значимых нововведений[1]. Впервые был опубликован на Всемирном экономическом форуме в 2001 г. Россия в 2002 г. находилась на 34 месте среди стран мира по этому индексу. Основан на шести основных показателях:[2]

  • количество патентов, зарегистрированных в американском патентном ведомстве в расчете на 10 тыс. жителей;
  • численность ученых и инженеров, занятых исследованиями и разработками;
  • качество инновационной политики - защита прав интеллектуальной собственности, налоговые скидки и государственные субсидии для исследований и разработок в частном секторе, регулирование конкурентной борьбы;
  • условия формирования инновационных кластеров - состояние и глубина развития кластеров, уровень локальной конкурентной борьбы, качество локальных потребителей;
  • качество инновационной инфраструктуры - доступность исследовательских организаций и системы подготовки технических кадров, наличие венчурного капитала для реализации технически сложных проектов;
  • ориентация компаний на инновационную активность - производство новых продуктов как фактор конкурентоспособности компаний, масштабы и уровень развития маркетинга новой продукции, влияние инноваций на производительность.

Применяется для сравнительной оценки экономических перспектив отдельных стран и регионов[3]

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Scott Stern, Michael E. Porter, Jeffrey L. Furman The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity Архивная копия от 27 марта 2019 на Wayback Machine // NBER Working Paper No. 7876 Issued in September 2000
  2. ↑ Носов, 2006, с. 216.
  3. ↑ Santana N.B., Do Nascimento Rebelatto D.A., Mariano E.B., De Castro Camioto F. National Innovative Capacity as Determinant in Sustainable Development: A Comparison between the BRICS and G7 Countries // International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development. 2015. Т. 9. № 3-4. С. 384-405.

Литература

  • под ред. Носов М. Г. Россия и глобализация: международные аспекты. — М.: Наука, 2006. — 288 с. — ISBN 5-02-034026-X.
  • Rongping Mu et al. National Innovation Capacity Index: A Cross-Country Comparative Analysis
  • Firms and System Competitiveness in Italy (англ.) / Alessandro Viviani. — Firenze University Press, 2009. — P. 59. — 144 p. — ISBN 9788884539359.

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