Закон Хольцмана

Закон Хольцмана — прагерманский звуковой закон, открытый немецким лингвистом Адольфом Хольцманом в 1838 году.

Согласно этому закону в интервокальном положении после кратких гласных прагерманские долгие сонорные *-jj- и *-ww- «усиливались» в -ggj- и -ggv- в северногерманских языках, в -ddj- и -ggw- в готском, а в западногерманских языках образовывали дифтонг с предшествующим гласным.

Условия

Условия протекания закона долго обсуждались в учёной среде. Согласно одному из предположений, существовала зависимость от ударения, подобно закону Вернера. По другой версии, предложенной в 1941 г. Смитом, одним из условий протекания закона было наличие ларингала.

Согласно У. Леману (2007), удлинение праиндоевропейских *j и *w в прагерманские *-jj- и *-ww- происходило в положениях *-VwH-, *-ijH-, *-ajH- и *-aHj- (где V — любой краткий гласный, а H — любой ларингал).

Примеры

прагерм. trewwō ‘договор, верность’ > гот. triggwa, д.-исл. tryggr, др.-англ. tréow, др.-фризск. triūwe, др.-сакс. treuwa, др.-в.-нем. triuwa[1].

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Orel V. A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. — Brill. — 2003. — С. 410.

Литература

  • William M. Austin, Germanic Reflexes of Indo-European -Hy- and -Hw-, Language (1958), 203—211.
  • Winfred P. Lehmann, Proto-Indo-European Phonology (1955), chapter 4: 'Lengthened /w/ and /y/ in the Gmc. Dialects'[1]
  • James Marchand, The sounds and phonemes of Wulfila’s Gothic, The Hague: Mouton, 1973.
  • Henry Lee Smith, Jr., The Verschärfung in Germanic, Language 17 (1941), 93-9
  • L. C. Smith, What’s all the fuss about 16 words? A new approach to Holtzmann’s law Göttinger Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 1.
  • L. C. Smith, Holtzmann’s law: getting to the hart of the Germanic verscharfung, University of Calgary thesis, 1997. ISBN 0-612-24623-X
  • Joseph B. Voyles, Early Germanic Grammar", San Diego: Harcourt Brace, 1992. ISBN 0-12-728270-X

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