Балладная опера

Балладная опера (англ. ballad opera) — разновидность комической оперы, зародившаяся в Великобритании и распространившаяся в XVIII веке в Италии, Франции, Германии и Испании[1].

Происхождение

Происхождение балладной оперы связано с диалогической оперой и английской сатирической комедией, а само название «балладная опера» происходит от входящих в её состав в качестве музыкальных номеров английских, шотландских и ирландских народных баллад[1]. Cо второй половины XVIII века использовались также и отрывки из произведений известных композиторов[1].

Балладная опера представляет собой чередующиеся разговорные сцены и народные или написанные в фольклорном стиле песни и танцы. В жанровом отношении балладная опера — сатирическая комедия, часто пародирующая «большую оперу» (итал. opera seria) и высмеивающая придворные нравы[1].

История

В 1728 году в Лондоне была поставлена «Опера нищих» поэта Джона Гея с музыкой Иоганна Кристофа Пепуша, которая стала первой классической балладной оперой[1]. Эта опера включает в себя несколько аранжированных Пепушем народных песен, пародий на номера из популярных в то время в Англии опер Г. Ф. Генделя, а также увертюру и несколько музыкальных номеров, сочинённых самим Пепушем[1].

Английская балладная опера оказала существенное влияние на формирование в Северной Германии жанра зингшпиля[2], её аналоги существовали в Италии, Франции и Испании[1]. Модернизированной интерпретацией «Оперы нищих» стала сатирическая пьеса Бертольта Брехта «Трёхгрошовая опера», написанная в 1928 году и в том же году поставленная на сцене с музыкой Курта Вайля. В 1948 году ещё одна версия этого произведения была создана Бенждамином Бриттеном[1].

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Левик, 1973, с. 310.
  2. ↑ Левик Б.В. Зингшпиль // Музыкальная энциклопедия в 6 томах / под ред. Ю.В. Келдыша. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1974. — Т. 2. — С. 462.

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