Арифметические прогрессии из простых чисел

Несколько простых чисел могут быть членами арифметической прогрессии.

Все последовательности простых чисел, являющихся строго последовательными элементами некоторой арифметической прогрессии, конечны, однако существуют сколь угодно длинные такие последовательности (см. теорема Грина — Тао).

Примеры простых чисел в арифметической прогрессии
длина разность последовательность
3 2 3, 5, 7
5 6 5, 11, 17, 23, 29
6 30 7, 37, 67, 97, 127, 157
7 150 7, 157, 307, 457, 607, 757, 907
10 210 199, 409, 619, 829, 1039, 1249, 1459, 1669, 1879, 2089
12 13860 110437, 124297, 138157, 152017, 165877, 179737, 193597, 207457, 221317, 235177, 249037, 262897
13 30030 14933623, 14963653, 14993683, 15023713, 15053743, 15083773, 15113803, 15143833, 15173863, 15203893, 15233923, 15263953, 15293983

По состоянию на 2020 год, самые длинные из известных последовательностей такого типа имеют длину 27, например:

224 584 605 939 537 920 + 81 292 139 · 23# · n, где n=0..26, 23# — праймориал числа 23, равный 223 092 870.[1]

Оценка на минимальные числа в прогрессиях данной длины

Для любого натурального существует арифметическая прогрессия из простых чисел длины , все члены которой не больше . [2]

Последовательности без пропусков

Можно потребовать, чтобы между соседними членами прогрессии не было других простых чисел, то есть чтобы прогрессия представляла собой часть общей последовательности простых чисел.

Примеры простых чисел в арифметической прогрессии без пропусков
длина разность последовательность
3 2 3, 5, 7
4 6 251, 257, 263, 269
5 30 9843019, 9843049, 9843079, 9843109, 9843139
6 30 121174811, 121174841, 121174871, 121174901, 121174931, 121174961

Самые длинные из известных последовательностей такого типа имеют длину 10.

По состоянию на 2017 год известны всего 2 такие последовательности[3]:

1 180 477 472 752 474 · 193# + x77 + 210n, для n=0..9 (93 цифры),
507 618 446 770 482 · 193# + x77 + 210n, для n=0..9 (93 цифры),

где

x77 = 54 538 241 683 887 585 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 — 77-значное простое число,
a 193#  — праймориал числа 193, то есть произведение простых .

Примечания

  1. AP26 Statistics. www.primegrid.com. Дата обращения: 30 марта 2018. Архивировано 18 июля 2017 года.
  2. Karen R. Johannson "Variations on a theorem by van der Waerden" стр.74
  3. Jens Kruse Andersen. The Largest Known CPAP's. primerecords.dk. Дата обращения: 12 апреля 2017. Архивировано 12 ноября 2017 года.

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