Ą

Буква латиницы A с огонэком
Ąą
Ā ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ
ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ ĉ
Характеристики
Название Ąlatin capital letter a with ogonek
ąlatin small letter a with ogonek
Юникод ĄU+0104
ąU+0105
HTML-код Ą‎: Ą или Ą
ą‎: ą или ą
UTF-16 Ą‎: 0x104
ą‎: 0x105
URL-код Ą: %C4%84
ą: %C4%85

Ą, ą (A с огонэком) — буква расширенной латиницы, используемая в литовском и польском языках, а также в языке навахо. Также используется в реконструкциях прагерманского.

Литовский язык

В литовском языке буква Ą вторая по алфавиту (в словарях считается вариантом буквы A) и читается как долгий гласный [aː] во всех позициях (ударных и безударных): žąsis [ʐaːˈsʲɪs] («гусь»), rąstas [ˈraːstas] («бревно»). Под ударением может нести на себе растущую (tvirtagalė) или падающую (tvirtapradė) интонацию. После мягкого согласного произносится как [æː] (ср. аналогичная ситуация с [а] ~ [e]): dirbsiąs [dʲɪrʲpʲˈsʲæːs] («тот, что будет работать»).

Исторически буква обозначала носовой звук, который, в свою очередь, развился из сочетаний an / am перед фрикативными согласными. Если при словоизменении буква Ą оказывается снова перед взрывным согласным, то носовой согласный восстанавливается: kąsti («кусать») > kanda («кусает»).

Чередование an/am ~ ą наблюдается и в приставках перед разными типами начальной согласной корня: są-rašas («список») ~ san-grąža («сдача, возврат»).

Польский язык

В польском языке буква ą является второй в алфавите, и читается:

  • как [ɔ̃] + носовой согласный звук ([ɰ̃] или [], а перед мягкими также [] перед всеми фрикативными согласными (f, w, z, ż, ź, s, ś, sz, rz, ch, h), а также в конце слова;
  • как [ɔ̃n] перед согласными t, d, c, dz, cz, ;
  • как [ɔ̃nʲ] перед согласными ć, ;
  • как [ɔ̃m] перед согласными b, p;
  • как [ɔ] перед согласным ł;
  • как [ɔ̃ŋ] перед согласными k, g.

Не употребляется в начале слова. Этимологически восходит к большому юсу.

См. также

Ссылки

  • Ą на сайте Scriptsource.org (англ.)
  • ą на сайте Scriptsource.org (англ.)

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