Эллис-Дэвидсон, Хильда

Хи́льда Ро́дерик Э́ллис-Дэ́видсон
англ. Hilda Roderick Ellis Davidson
Дата рождения 1 октября 1914(1914-10-01)
Место рождения Бебингтон[англ.], Чешир, Великобритания
Дата смерти 12 января 2006(2006-01-12) (91 год)
Место смерти Кент, Великобритания
Страна  Великобритания
Род деятельности антиквар, писательница, историк
Научная сфера антропология
фольклористика
Место работы Холлоуэйский королевский колледж[англ.] Лондонского университета, Бирбек-колледж
Альма-матер Ньюнэм-колледж Кембриджского университета
Награды и премии
член Королевского общества древностей[вд]

Хи́льда Ро́дерик Э́ллис-Дэ́видсон (англ. Hilda Roderick Ellis Davidson; 1 октября 1914 Бебингтон[англ.], Чешир, Великобритания — 12 января 2006, Кент, Великобритания) — британский антрополог и фольклорист, специалист по германскому и кельтскому язычеству, германо-скандинавской мифологии[1].

Биография

Родилась 1 октября 1914 года в городе Бебингтоне[англ.] графства Чешир. Училась в Парковой средней школе[англ.] города Беркенхеда. Окончила с отличием Ньюнэм-колледж Кембриджского университета со специализацией по английскому языку, археологии и антропологии. Затем изучала скандинавское язычество для своей докторской диссертации[2].

В 19391944 годы преподавала в Холлоуэйском королевском колледже[англ.] Лондонского университета, а затем в Бирбек-колледже[2].

В 1943 году под своей девичьей фамилией Хильда Эллис опубликовала первую книгу «Дорога к Хель: исследование представления о смерти в скандинавской литературе»[2].

С 1949 года — действительный член[2] , 19561986 годы — член Совета, а в 19741976 годы — президент Совета Британского фольклорного общества[3].

В 1969 году в качестве постдокторанта Фонда Галуста Гюльбенкян[англ.] была направлена в Колледж Люси Кавендиш Кембриджского университета, где с 1971 года значилась преподавателем, в 1974 году была избрана действительным членом, а в 19751980 годы была вице-президентом[4].

В 1980 году Эллис-Девидсон приступила к написанию биографии писательницы и фольклориста Кэтрин Мэри Бриггс[англ.], которая была издана в 1985 году[4]. В 1984 году за эту книгу она была награждена Медалью Кут Лэйка, премией фольклорного общества, а в 1988 году её книга «Мифы и символы языческой Европы» была отмечена премией Кэтрин Бригсс как книга года[5].

В 1987 году она основала Клуб Кэтрин Бригсс[6].

В своих поздних работах Эллис-Девидсон сосредоточилась на культурных и религиозных связях между германскими и кельтскими народами, итоги исследования которых ей были представлены в 1990-е годы на Симпозиумах скандинаво-кельто-балтийских легенд[6].

В 2006 году вступила в Кембриджскую фольклорную группу[7]. Она также являлась звонарём и церковным старостой в местной приходе[4].

Член Лондонского общества антикваров.

Умерла в январе 2006 года в возрасте 91 года. Имела двух детей и 10 внуков.

Научные труды

  • (1940) Eschatology and Manticism in Old Norse Literature. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Cambridge.
  • (1941) «Fostering by Giants in Old Norse Sagas», Med. Aev. 10: 70-85.
  • (1942) «Sigurd in the Art of the Viking Age», Antiquity 16: 216-36.
  • (1943) The Road to Hel: A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature, Cambridge University Press, «originally part of a thesis accepted in 1940 for the degree of Ph.D. in the University of Cambridge.»
  • (1950) «The Hill of the Dragon» (Anglo-Saxon Burial Mounds), Folklore 61.
  • (1950) «Gods and Heroes in Stone» In C. Fox and B. Dickens (eds.), The Early Cultures of North-West Europe (H.M. Chadwick Memorial Studies), 123-9, London.
  • (1958) The Golden Age of Northumbria, Longmans, [a volume in the «Then and There Series»].
  • (1958) "Weland the Smith, " Folklore 69: 145-59.
  • (1960) «The Sword at the Wedding» Folklore 71, 1-18.
  • (1962) The Sword in Anglo-Saxon England, Boydell Press, Woodbridge.
  • (1963) «Folklore and Man’s Past», Folklore, 74: 527-44, London.
  • (1964) Book Review: Myth and Religion of the North by E. O. G. Turville-Petre. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson (History of Religion), 1964. Antiquity 38: 309—310.
  • (1964) Gods and Myths of Northern Europe, Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth. (later re-published as Gods and Myths of the Viking Age, Bell Publishing Company, 1980).
  • (1965) «The Finglesham Man», Sonia Chadwick Hawkes, H.R.E Davidson and C. Hawkes, Antiquity, 39: 17-32.
  • (1965) «Thor’s Hammer», Folklore 76: 1-15.
  • (1965) «The Significance of the Man in the Horned Helmet», Antiquity 39: 23-7.
  • (1967) Pagan Scandinavia, (Ancient Peoples and Places 58) London.
  • (1967) «The Anglo-Saxon Burial at Coombe [Woodnesborough], Kent», Medieval Archeology 11: 1-41 (by H.E. Davidson and L. Webster).
  • (1969) Scandinavian Mythology, Paul Hamlyn, London.
  • (1969) The Chariot of the Sun and Other Rites and Symbols of the Northern Bronze Age, by Peter Gelling and H.E. Davidson, Frederick A. Praeger Publishers, New York.
  • (1969) «The Smith and the Goddess», Frühmittelalterliche Studiern (University of Münster) 3: 216-26.
  • (1971) Beowulf and its Analogues, by George Norman Garmonsway, Hilda Roderick Ellis Davidson, and Jacqueline Simpson; E. P. Dutton.
  • (1972) «The Battle God of the Vikings», (G.N. Garmonsway Memorial Lecture, University of York, Medieval Monographs I, York.
  • (1973) «Hostile Magic in the Icelandic Sagas», The Witch Figure, ed. V. Newall (london) 20-41.
  • (1974) «Folklore and History», Folklore 85.
  • (1975) «Scandinavian Cosmology» in C. Blacker and M. Loewe’s Ancient Cosmologies, 172-97, London.
  • (1975) «Folklore and Literature», Folklore 86.
  • (1976) The Viking Road to Byzantium, Allen and Unwin, London.
  • (1978) Patterns of Folklore, D.S. Brewer Ltd, Ipswich. [Appears to reprint earlier articles such as «Thor’s Hammer» and «The Sword at the Wedding» also includes an essay on «Lady Godiva»].
  • (1978) «Shape-changing in the Old Norse Sagas» in J.R. Porter’s and W.H.S. Russell’s Animals in Folklore, 126-42 Folklore Society, Ipswich.
  • (1978) «Mithras and Wodan», Études Mithraïques 4: 99-110, Acta Iranica, Leiden.
  • (1979) «Loki and Saxo’s Hamlet», The Fool and the Trickster; Studies in Honor of Enid Welsford, ed. P.V.A. Williams (Cambridge) 3-17.
  • (1979-80) Saxo Grammaticus, The History of the Danes, Books I—IX [Peter Fisher Translation]: Edited with Commentary by H.E. Davidson, Woodbridge: Boydell.
  • (Date unknown, pre-1980) Author of the article «Hero» in Encyclopædia Britannica.
  • (1980) «Wit and Eloquence in the Courts of Saxo’s Early Kings», «To be published as part of the Saxo Symposium, University of Copenhagen 1979.»
  • (1980) «Insults and Riddles in the Edda Poems», Published in Edda, A Collection of Essays, 25-46, University of Manitoba Icelandic Series 4, 1983.
  • (1981) «The Restless Dead: An Icelandic Story», in H.E. Davidson and W.M.S. Russell’s (eds.) The Folklore of Ghosts, Mistletoe Series 15, London Folklore Society.
  • (1981) «The Germanic World» in M. Loewe and C. Blacker’s Divination and Oracles,115-41, London.
  • (1984) «The Hero in Tradition and Folklore: Papers Read at a Conference of the Folklore Society Held at Dyffryn House, Cardiff, July 1982» (World Bibliographical Series), Folklore Society Library.
  • (1984) «The Hero as a Fool: The Northern Hamlet», The Hero in Tradition and Folklore, (ed. H.R.E. Davidson) 30-4, (Mistletoe Books, 19, Folklore Soc.) London,
  • (1988) Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: early Scandinavian and Celtic religions, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
  • (1989) The Seer in Celtic and Other Traditions, ed. by Hilda Ellis Davidson, John Donald Publishers, Ltd., Edinburgh, 1989.
  • (1989) «Hooded men in Celtic and Germanic Tradition» in G. Davies, Polytheistic Systems, Cosmos 5, 105—124.
  • (1989) «The Training of Warriors» in S. C. Hawkes, Weapons and Warfare in Anglo-Saxon England.
  • (1990) «Religious Practices of the Northern Peoples in Scandinavian Tradition», Temonos 26:23-24
  • (1992) «Human Sacrifice in the Late Pagan Period of North-Western Europe» in M.O.H. Carver’s The Age of Sutton Hoo: The Seventh Century in North-Western Europe, 331-40, Woodbridge.
  • (1992) «Royal Graves as Religious Symbols» in W. Filmer-Sankey’s Anglo-Saxon Studies in Archeology and History 5, 23-31, Oxford.
  • (1993) Boundaries and Thresholds: papers from a colloquium of the Katherine Briggs Club (editor).
  • (1993) The Lost Beliefs of Northern Europe, Routledge, London.
  • (1993) «The Hair and the Dog», Folklore 104: 151-63 by H. E. Davidson and A. Chaudhri.
  • (1993)The Seer in Celtic and other traditions'
  • (1996) Katharine Briggs: Story-teller, Lutterworth Press.
  • (1996) «Milk and the Northern Goddess» in S. Billington’s and M. Green’s The Concept of the Goddess, Routledge, New York. [This work is a tribute to Davidson].
  • (1998) Roles of the Northern Goddess, Routledge, London.
  • (2001) «The Wild Hunt» in Supernatural Enemies, Edited by H.E. Davidson and Anna Chaudhri. Carolina Academic Press, Durham, N. C.
  • (2001) Women and Tradition, Hilda Ellis Davidson and Carmen Blacker, Carolina Academic Press, Durham, N.C.
  • (2003) A Companion to the Fairy Tale, Hilda Ellis Davidson and Anna Chaudhri, Boydell & Brewer Ltd.

Примечания

  1. Lindow, 2001, p. 339.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Simpson, 2006.
  3. Billington, 1996, p. XII.
  4. 1 2 3 Billington, 1996, p. XIV.
  5. * «The Coote Lake Medal Архивная копия от 7 октября 2013 на Wayback Machine», Folklore Society
  6. 1 2 Billington, 1996, p. XIII.
  7. Heathen Gods tribute page. Дата обращения: 6 мая 2015. Архивировано 7 февраля 2009 года.

Литература

  • Billington, Sandra. The Life And Works of Hilda Ellis Davidson // The Concept of the Goddess. — Routledge, 1996. — ISBN 0-415-14421-3.
  • James, E. O. Review of Gods and Myths of Northern Europe Folklore // . — 1965.
  • Lindow, John[англ.]. Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs. — Oxford University Press, 2001. — ISBN 0-19-515382-0.
  • Tucker, Michael. Review of Myths and Symbols of Pagan Europe // Journal of Design History. — 1989.
  • Simpson, Jacqueline[англ.]. Hilda Davidson // Folklore, hosted at BNET[англ.]. — 2006.

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