Хахам

Хаха́м (ивр. חכם‎) — в сефардских и восточных еврейских общинах звание «хахам» соответствует ученому титулу «рав», «раввин» (см например Хахам-баши). Широкое применение этого слова в мусульманских странах вызвано созвучием слов «рав» и «ар-Рабб», что может являться причиной недоразумений, так как последнее является одним из имён Аллаха на арабском языке.

У последователей караимизма понятие «хахам» (в караимском произношении «гахам») близко к хахаму у иудеев-раввинистов, но роль гахама менее авторитарна, скорее рекомендательна, поскольку караимское вероучение основано на том, что каждый верующий самостоятельно рационалистически определяет применение законов Священного писания. Современные израильские караимы употребляют наряду с титулом «хахам», также титул «рав»

Понятие «хахам» в ашкеназских общинах используется, например, в словосочетании «шеэлот хахам» (вопрос к мудрецу), то есть обращение для разрешения какой-либо галахической проблемы. В ашкеназских общинах Бессарабии хахамом именовался резник[1][2].

В современном иврите «хахам» — умный, образованный человек, интеллектуал.

В то же время исторически хахам — знаток Торы, также судья.

Существуют фамилии Хахам, Хохам, Хахамов.

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Дело было в Бельцах: этнографические, лингвистические и путевые записки группы этнографической школы, организованной центром «Сэфер» при поддержке фонда «Ави Хай». Дата обращения: 23 августа 2013. Архивировано 22 июля 2013 года.
  2. ↑ Славяне и евреи: практика и мифология соседства. Дата обращения: 23 августа 2013. Архивировано из оригинала 29 марта 2014 года.

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