В связи с тем, что греческие топонимы, очень часто встречаются на более широкой территории, предполагается, что носители протогреческого языка населяли регион, который включал Тимфею, до миграций позднего бронзового века (конец 3-го — начало 2-го тысячелетия до нашей эры) в течение нескольких столетий или даже тысячелетий до этого[4]. Тимфея была названа в честь горы Тимфи[5][6]. Примерно в 350 году до нашей эры Тимфея была завоевана Филиппом II Македонским и включена в состав Македонии как часть Верхней Македонии[3][7].
Тимфеи, населявшие эту область, принадлежали к более широкому племени молосцов[1]. Они были одним из эпиротских племён северо-западной греческой группы[8]. Они поклонялись Зевсу, которого называли Дейпатурос, вероятно, как богу своей горы Тимфи[9].
Самым известным уроженцем Тимфеи был Полиперхон, полководец Александра Македонского. Он был сыном Симмия, который был правителем Тимфеи[13].
Примечания
↑ 12Hammond, 1982, p. 276: «As we leave the coastal area, we may turn first to the middle and upper Haliacmon valley, where Elimeotis, Tymphaea and Orestis were inhabited by Epirotic tribes, or more correctly 'Molossian' tribes if the account in Strabo was derived from Hecataeus.».
↑Hammond, 1993, pp. 132—133: «Further, the tribes which Strabo termed "Epirotic" — Orestai, Tymphaioi, Elimiotai, Lynkestai and Pelagones — are likely to have spoken the same dialect as the Molossians, to whom they were in some sense related.».
↑ 12Hammond, 1994, p. 206: «When Philip annexed Elimea, Orestis, and Lyncus and territory up to Lake Lychnitis, reorganized the administration, and planted towns such as Heraclea Lyncestis, he was in a position to recruit and train infantry from these areas, ready for service perhaps by 352 B.C.; and similarly from Tymphaea, annexed probably in 350 B.C., infantry ready for service by 345 B.C.».
↑Georgiev, 1973, p. 247: «The region north of this line, which comprises Epirus as far as Aulon, in the north (including Paravaia, Tymphaea, Athamania, Dolopia, Amphilochia and Acarnania), western and northern Thessaly (Hestiaeotis, Perrhaebia, Tripolis) and Pieria, i.e. approximately the whole of northern and north-western Greece, is characterized by the following features. 1. Absence of pre-Hellenic place-names. [...] All the principal names north of the line are of archaic Greek origin. [...] Thus in the region defined just above, roughly northern and northwestern Greece. [...] Since Greek place-names are very dense in that region and they have a very archaic appearance, one may suppose that the proto-Greeks were settled in it during many centuries and even millennia.».
↑Hammond, 1993, p. 141: «We see here the origins of the Tymphaioi (named after Mt. Tymphe) Orestai, Lynkestai and Pelagones, who practiced this way of life and were each a cluster of tribes.».
↑Hammond, 1993, p. 143: «... the "Tymphaioi" were so named from the mountain Tymphe.».
↑Hatzopoulos, 1996, p. 249: «Hatzopoulos 1996, p. 249: "Finally, the fourth meris gathered the Upper Macedonian ethne (Lynkestai, Tymphaioi, Atintanes), to which Pelagonia (presumably with Derriopos), in other words the western part of the former strategia of Paionia, was added/».
↑A geographical and historical description of ancient Greece : [англ.]. — 2013. — Vol. 1. — P. 144. — ISBN 978-5-5186-4044-3.
↑An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation : [англ.]. — Oxford University Press, 2005. — P. 339. — ISBN 978-0-1981-4099-3.
↑Pleket, Stroud, Strubbe, 1994, p. 124: «Polyperchon, one of Alexander's generals and later regent (319 B.C.), son of Simmias who ruled the Tymphaioi ca. 370 B.C.».
