Питомба

Питомба
Научная классификация
Домен:
Эукариоты
Царство:
Растения
Клада:
Цветковые растения
Клада:
Эвдикоты
Клада:
Суперрозиды
Клада:
Розиды
Клада:
Мальвиды
Порядок:
Миртоцветные
Семейство:
Миртовые
Подсемейство:
Миртовые
Триба:
Миртовые
Род:
Евгения
Вид:
Питомба
Международное научное название
Eugenia luschnathiana L.

Питомба (лат. Eugenia luschnathiana) — небольшое вечнозелёное медленнорастущее дерево семейства Миртовые, высотой 6-9 м с овальными или ланцетовидными блестящими, немного волнистыми листьями 2,5-7,5 см длиной, тёмно-зелёными сверху и бледными снизу. Мелкие цветки, образующие разветвлённые верхушечные соцветия, имеют длину до 30 см. Плоды из соцветий созревают одновременно. Плод овальный, длиной 2,5-3,2 см, с оранжево-жёлтой тонкой нежной кожицей и золотисто-жёлтой мягкой сочной ароматной мякотью. В центральной впадине располагается 1-4 крупных коричнево-красных семени. Оно занимает большую часть семенного гнезда, имеет 1-2 белых ядра и окружено съедобным, мягким и сочным, стекловидно-белым ариллусом толщиной до 5 мм. Ариллус прикреплён к семенной оболочке и имеет кисловатый ароматный вкус [1]

Распространение

Питомба происходит из Южной Бразилии, там же в основном и культивируется. Дерево популярно также в Парагвае и Боливии. За пределами этих стран питомба малоизвестна. Хорошо растёт на низменных равнинах в условиях тропического климата. Питомбу выращивают из семян в домашних и промышленных садах.

Применение

Питомба используется в основном для изготовления желе, консервов и газированных напитков. Ариллус спелых плодов перерабатывается на сок. Его также можно сосать прямо с косточки, как конфету-леденец [1]

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Тропические плоды. Б. Новак и Б. Шульц. Биология, применение, выращивание и сбор урожая/пер. с нем. – М.: БММ АО, 2002. – 240с: ил.

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