Пещерные монастыри

Пещерные монастыри — это монастыри с особым пространственным устройством, где вместо наземных построек используются природные (либо искусственно созданные, доработанные) полости в толще земли. Благодаря подземному расположению, помещения используются не только в богослужебных, жилых, хозяйственных целях, но и как усыпальницы для умирающих насельников (монахов и монахинь).

Историко-географический очерк

Религиозная община, проживающая в подобном монастыре, придерживается древнейшей монашеской традиции, поскольку, по преданию, сам основатель отшельнического монашества, святой Антоний Великий, изначально подвизался именно в гробовой пещере.

Большинство исторических пещерных монастырей на территории современной России принадлежало православной церкви. Большинство сохранившихся пещерных монастырей располагаются на юго-востоке Европы (Балканы), в Крыму, на Кавказе либо на Ближнем Востоке[1].

В России и на Украине в название старинных пещерных монастырей часто включается определение «печерский», по старинной форме слова «пещера» (например: Киево-Печерский монастырь, Псково-Печерский монастырь и т. д.).

В Москве пещерным считался ныне утраченный митрополичий Саввин монастырь на Девичьем поле[1] (Большой Саввинский пер., 14)[2].

Своеобразной обмирщённой формой подземного уединения в России является современный пещерный туризм, предполагающий не только единовременный спуск под землю, но и ночёвку, и даже долговременное пребывание в пещерах и каменоломнях[3].

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 Пещерные монастыри. otec-ippolit.ru. Дата обращения: 28 мая 2018. Архивировано из оригинала 29 мая 2018 года.
  2. ↑ Церковь Саввы Освященного. temples.ru. Дата обращения: 29 мая 2018. Архивировано 29 мая 2018 года.
  3. ↑ Долотов Ю.А. Гусаков С. Б. ИСТОРИЯ ПОДМОСКОВНОГО СПЕЛЕОАНДЕГРАУНДА. rosi-spelesto.narod.ru. Дата обращения: 29 мая 2018. Архивировано 2 февраля 2018 года.

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