Навигация

Таблицы по географии, гидрографии и навигации из Циклопедии 1728 года

Навига́ция (лат. nāvigātiō[1], от navigare — «плыть на корабле»[2], от navis — «корабль»[2]):

  1. Определение местоположения, скорости и ориентации движущихся объектов.
  2. Мореплавание, судоходство.
  3. Период времени в году, когда по местным климатическим условиям возможно судоходство.
  4. Основной раздел судовождения, в котором разрабатываются теоретические обоснования и практические приёмы вождения судов.

В течение многих веков термин «навигация» означал совокупность указанных значений. В XX веке, с развитием науки и техники, появлением воздушных судов, космических кораблей — новых объектов навигации — появились новые смысловые значения термина. Теперь, в общем смысле, навигация — процесс управления некоторым объектом (имеющим собственные методы передвижения) в определённом пространстве передвижения. Состоит из двух основных частей:

  • теоретическое обоснование и практическое применение методов управления объектом,
  • маршрутизация, выбор оптимального пути следования объекта в пространстве.

Виды навигации

Виды навигационных систем

Примечания

  1. ↑ Этимологический словарь русского языка Макса Фасмера
  2. ↑ 1 2 Этимологический словарь русского языка Шанского Н. М.

Ссылки

  • Кононов А. А. Навигация // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.

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