Мат ферзём

Мат одинокому королю ферзём достигается при положении одинокого короля на краю доски не позже 10-го хода из любой начальной позиции совместными действиями короля и ферзя[1].

Пример

abcdefgh
8
e6 чёрный король
b2 белый ферзь
a1 белый король
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Ход белых. Мат в 10 ходов.

Единственная (за исключением симметричных[2]) позиция, где при своём ходе белые с ферзём против одинокого короля не могут дать мат ранее 10-го хода. Любой ход белых (кроме 1.Фe5+ и 1.Фf6+, где белые теряют ферзя) приводит к мату в 10 ходов. Примерное развитие событий:

1. Фd4 Kpf7 2. Фd6 Kpg7 3. Фe6 Kpf8 4. Фd7 Kpg8 5. Kpb2 Kpf8 6. Kpc3 Kpg8 7. Kpd4 Kpf8 8. Kpe5 Kpg8 9. Kpf6 Kph8 10. Фg7# или

1. Фb1 Kpd5 2. Фf5+ Kpd6 3. Kpb2 Kpc6 4. Kpc3 Kpd6 5. Kpc4 Kpc6 6. Фe6+ Kpc7 7. Kpb5 Kpd8 8. Фf7 Kpc8 9. Kpc6 Kpb8 10. Фb7#

Патовые позиции

При матовании ферзём следует избегать позиций зеркального пата.

abcdefgh
8
d8 чёрный король
c6 белый ферзь
f6 белый король
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Зеркальный пат

Интересные факты

Известны задачи, где белый король находится на c3 (или симметричных ему полях c6, f6, f3), при этом вводится дополнительное условие — белый король неподвижен. В этом случае при любом положении белого ферзя и чёрного короля мат достигается не позднее 23-го хода.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Ферзь без посторонней помощи способен оттеснить неприятельского короля на край доски. Однако для создания мата ферзю требуется поддержка.
  2. ↑ Всего 8 позиций, включая симметричные.

Литература

  • Шахматы: энциклопедический словарь / гл. ред. А. Е. Карпов. — М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. — С. 237. — 621 с. — 100 000 экз. — ISBN 5-85270-005-3.

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