Когнитивный контроль

Когнитивный контроль — комплекс исполнительных функций, обеспечивающих регуляцию поведения согласно текущим задачам. Активность в префронтальной коре головного мозга связывают с когнитивным контролем.

История термина

Термин «когнитивный контроль» (англ. cognitive control) впервые использовали М. Познер и С. Снайдер в своей работе «Attention and Cognitive Control» (1975) для определения одной из систем внимания, ответственной за селекцию информации, координацию и исполнение актуальных процессов и подавление неактуальных[1]. Позже Э. Миллер (англ. Earl Miller) и Дж. Коэн (англ. Jonathan Cohen) развили эту идею, представив когнитивный контроль как интегративную функцию, управляющую течением психической жизни, а также распределением внимания на внешние и внутренние сигналы[2].

Когнитивный контроль и исполнительные функции

Способность к произвольной динамичной регуляции когнитивных ресурсов по-разному концептуализируется разными научными школами. Так, в западной психологической традиции принято говорить об исполнительных функциях, в число которых входят тормозный контроль, планирование, внимание, рабочая память, когнитивная гибкость, эмоциональная регуляция и др. Ряд ученых — Р. Баркли, А. Мияке, Н. Фридман, М. Баних — рассматривают их как совокупность отдельных равноправных процессов; другие — авторы модели когнитивного контроля, Э. Миллер и Дж. Коэн, а также А. Арон, Т. Шаллис, П. Берджесс — убеждены, что исполнительные функции составляют единый конструкт (когнитивный контроль) с ведущей ролью функции внимания[3]. В российской традиции с концепцией когнитивного контроля может быть соотнесена концепция саморегуляции и программирования действий[3].

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ Posner M. I., Snyder C. R. R. Attention and cognitive control // Information processing and cognition / Ed. by R. L. Solso. Potomac, MD, 1975.
  2. ↑ Miller E. K., Cohen J. D. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function // Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2001. No. 24 (I). P. 167—202.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Виленская Г. А. Исполнительные функции: природа и развитие // Психологический журнал. 2016. Т. 37. № 4. С. 21-31.

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