Клеть

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Клеть (значения).
Клеть (сверху) и подклеть (внизу) с внешней стороны в доме Добровольских в музее народного деревянного зодчества Витославлицы (Великий Новгород)

Клеть — помещение, комната в строении, здании, а также отдельная постройка хозяйственного назначения[1]. В обычном русском жилище клетью называется, как правило, неотапливаемое помещение (сруб), примыкающее посредством сеней к избе[2]. Изначально же клеть — это главная составляющая почти любой постройки в русском деревянном зодчестве[3]. Клеть использовалась не только как помещение для хранения имущества (чулан, кладовая), но и как летнее жилище, спальня[4]. В настоящее время за словом «клеть» закрепилось значение исключительно хозяйственного (клетушка, подсобка), технического назначения (лестничная клетка, шахтная клеть).

«Подклеть», то есть находящийся непосредственно «под клетью», соответственно: подпол, погреб.

Примечания

  1. ↑ Толковый словарь русского языка (Ожегов С., Шведова Н.)
  2. ↑ И. Е. Забелин. Домашний быт русских царей в XVI и XVII столетиях. — М.: Издательство АСТ, 2005
  3. ↑ Российский гуманитарный энциклопедический словарь: В 3 т. — М.: Гуманит. изд. центр ВЛАДОС: Филол. фак. СПбГУ, 2002
  4. ↑ Очерки русской культуры XVII в. Часть первая. Материальная культура. Государственный строй \\ Под ред. А. В. Арциховского — М.: Издательство МГУ, 1979

Литература

  • Беловинский Л. В. Клеть // Иллюстрированный энциклопедический историко-бытовой словарь русского народа. XVIII — начало XIX в. / под ред. Н. Ерёминой. — М.: Эксмо, 2007. — С. 284—285. — 784 с. — 5000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-699-24458-4.

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