Ишан (народ)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Ишан (значения).
Ишан
Современное самоназвание Ẹ̀bhò Ẹ̀sán
Численность ок. 700 тыс[1].
Расселение  Нигерия
Язык эсан
Религия христианство (80 %), ислам (18 %)
Родственные народы бини
Логотип Викисклада Медиафайлы на Викискладе

Ишан (иса, исан, эса, эсан, эшан; Esan, Anwain, Esa, Isa, Ishan) — народ, проживающий в Южной Нигерии в штате Эдо. Близок бини. Численность около 700 тыс.человек.

Говорят на языке эсан эдоидной ветви бенуэ-конголезской семьи языков (ранее эта группа относилась к семье ква).

По вероисповеданию христиане (католики и протестанты) и приверженцы традиционных верований.

Большинство выходцы из Бенин, в состав империи входили в конце XV—XVI веков и поданными верховного правителя которого признают себя по сей день. Меньшая часть связывает себя с йоруба, игала, нупе, ибо (игбо), итсекири.

Основное занятие -подсечно-огневое земледелие, главные культуры-ямс, масличная, кокосовая пальма, кукуруза. Разводят коз, овец, домашную птицу и скот. Ремесла-ткацкое и кузнецное. Высоко развита торговля продовольственными товарами и ремесленными изделиями с соседними народами.

Основная социальная единица-община, очень часто наблюдается объединение в нескольких общин, в семье чаще всего встречается патрилинейность и вирилолокальность .

У народа ишан выявляли до 0,026 Мб неандертальской примеси[2]. Генетики из Калифорнийского университета в Лос-Анджелесе сравнили 405 геномов западноафриканцев из проекта 1000 геномов с геномом неандертальца из хорватской пещеры Виндия и геномом денисовского человека, обнаружили в геномах популяций Западной Африки (Esan в Нигерии (ESN), Mende в Сьерра-Леоне (MSL), Gambian в западной Гамбии (GWD) и йоруба из Ибадана (YRI)) от 2 до 19 % примеси, полученной ими от скрещивания с призрачным (ghost) человеком примерно 43 тыс. л. н. (95 %-й доверительный интервал: от 6000 до 124000 л. н.), отделившимся от предка современного человека ещё до раскола линии современных людей и линии неандертальцев и денисовцев — до 625000 л. н. (95%-й доверительный интервал: 360000 до 975000 л. н.)[3].

Примечания

  1. ↑ Rolle, Nicholas. [1] Архивная копия от 4 марта 2016 на Wayback Machine, University of California in Berkeley, Berkeley, October 17, 2012. Retrieved on 1 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Lu Chen et al. Identifying and Interpreting Apparent Neanderthal Ancestry in African Individuals, January 30, 2020
  3. ↑ Arun Durvasula, Sriram Sankararaman. Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations Архивная копия от 16 февраля 2020 на Wayback Machine // Science Advances, 12 Feb 2020

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