Вентиль (электротехника)

Ве́нтиль в электротехнике — это общее название для устройств, сопротивление которых зависит от направления протекающего через них тока (или полярности приложенного к нему напряжения)[1]. Можно представить вентиль как ключ, который замыкается при одной полярности приложенного к нему напряжения и размыкается при другой. У идеального вентиля проводимость при одном направлении тока бесконечна, в другом направлении — равна нулю. В реальности сопротивление приборов, используемых в качестве вентилей, может быть не только конечным, но и может зависеть от величины напряжения на них и проходящего через них тока.

Вентили могут быть управляемыми и неуправляемыми. Управляемый вентиль отличается тем, что открытием/закрытием его управляет не только приложенное к основным выходам напряжение, но и сигнал, подаваемый на дополнительный управляющий вход. Примером неуправляемого вентиля является выпрямительный диод, а управляемого — тиристор.

По принципу действия вентили можно разделить на электронные и ионные (газотроны, игнитроны, электролитические). Электронные в свою очередь бывают вакуумными и полупроводниковыми.

Примечания

  1. В.В. Китаев и др. Электропитание устройств связи. — М.: Связь, 1975. — 328 с. — 24 000 экз.

Ссылки

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