Андрены[1][2], или земляные пчёлы[2] (лат.Andrena), — крупнейший род пчёл, более 1500 видов которого встречаются почти по всему миру. Это один из 3—4 крупнейших среди всех животных родовой таксон, наряду с мухами рода Drosophila (Diptera) и жуками родов Atheta и Onthophagus (Coleoptera)[3].
Гнездятся в песчаной почве. Большинство видов моновольтинные (дающие одно поколение в год), некоторые бивольтинные (два поколения в год). Являются важными опылителями цветковых растений, в частности сельскохозяйственных культур. Большинство олиго- и полилекты, некоторые монолекты.
Распространение
Почти всесветно, кроме Южной Америки и Океании. Встречаются от Панамы, мыса Доброй Надежды и гор Южной Индии на юге до Окинавы (Япония) и Тайваня на востоке. В Палеарктике около 600 видов. На Пиренейском полуострове — 228 видов[4]. Только два вида — A. (Leucandrena) barbilabris(Kirby, 1802) и A. A. (Andrena) clarkella(Kirby, 1802) — истинно Голарктические, то есть нативные и в Неарктике и в Палеарктике. Третий вид — A. (Taeniandrena) wilkella(Kirby, 1802), рассматривается Голарктическим, но он был интродуцирован из Европы в Северную Америку. Виды рода Andrena отсутствуют на Мадагаскаре, в Австралийском регионе и Океании и в Южной Америке. Несколько видов эндемичны для Афротропики и один для Малайзии[3].
Характеристика
Пчёлы мелкого и среднего размера (8—17 мм). Переднее крыло со слабо изогнутой, почти прямой, базальной жилкой. Окраска разнообразная, от полностью чёрных до металлически голубых или зелёных, метасома иногда красная или оранжевая, с перевязями. Вертлуги задних ног у самок несут пучок длинных волосков, образующих вертлужную кисточку.
Систематика
Род включает более 1500 видов пчёл и около 100 подродов (17 голарктических, 51 палеарктический, 32 неарктических и 1 Ориентальный)[3][5][6].
↑ 123Dubitzky, Andreas; John Plant & Klaus Schönitzer. (2010). Phylogeny of the bee genus Andrena Fabricius based on morphology. — Mitt. Münch. Ent. Ges. 100: 137—202.
↑ 12345678910Wood, T. J. The genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775 in the Iberian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) (англ.) // Journal of Hymenoptera Research : Журнал. — 2023. — Vol. 96. — P. 241—484. — ISSN1314-2607. — doi:10.3897/jhr.96.101873.
↑Pisanty G, Richter R, Martin T, Dettman J, Cardinal S (2020) Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of andrenine bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.103556
↑Pisanty G, Scheuchl E, Dorchin N (2018) Taxonomic review of the subgenus Andrena (Poecilandrena) (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) in Israel and the Levant. Zootaxa 4374: 151—188. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.1
↑Gusenleitner F., Schwarz M. Weltweite Checkliste der Bienengattung Andrena mit Bemerkungen und Ergänzungen zu paläarktischen Arten (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Andreninae, Andrena) (англ.) // Entomofauna, Supplement : Журнал. — Ansfelden, Austria, 2002. — Vol. 12. — P. 1—1280. — ISSN0250-4413.
↑Astafurova, Yu. V. , Proshchalykin, M. Yu., Sidorov, D.A. & Osytshnjuk, A.Z. The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution IV. Family Andrenidae, genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, species described by F. Morawitz (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — 2021. — Vol. 5037, no. 1. — P. 1—78. — doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5037.1.1.
↑ 12Astafurova, Yu. V. , Proshchalykin, M. Yu., Sidorov, D.A. The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution VI. Family Andrenidae, genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, taxa described by V. Popov. (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — 2023. — Vol. 5301, no. 4. — P. 401—426. — doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5301.4.1.
↑ 123456Wood, T.J., Boustani, M. & Rasmont, P. (2020b) A revision of the Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) of Lebanon with the description of six new species. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 56, 279—312. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2020.1794960
↑ 1234567891011Wood T. J., Michez D., Cejas D., Lhomme P., Rasmont P. An update and revision of the Andrena fauna of Morocco (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) with the description of eleven new North African species (англ.) // ZooKeys : Журнал. — 2020. — Vol. 974. — P. 31—92. — doi:10.3897/zookeys.974.54794.
↑Wood, T.J. (2020c) Description of a remarkable new Andrena species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) from Syria. Zoology in the Middle East, 66, 262—268. https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2020.1782580
↑Wood TJ (2022) Two new overlooked bee species from Spain (Hymenoptera: Anthophila: Andrenidae, Apidae). Osmia 10: 1—12. https://doi.org/10.47446/OSMIA10.1
↑ 123Wood, T.J. & Ortiz-Sánchez, F.J. (2022) Description of three new Andrena Fabricius, 1775 species from understudied parts of Iberia (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), 70, 114—123. ссылка
↑Ortiz-Sánchez FJ, Núñez Carbajal A, Valverde Morillas FJ (2022) Nuevas citas de especies de abejas ibéricas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila). Boletín de La Asociación Española de Entomología 46: 347—350.
↑Astafurova Y. V., M. YU. Proshchalykin, D. A. Sidorov. The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution V. Family Andrenidae, genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, species described by E. Eversmann (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — 2022. — Vol. 5190, no. 3. — P. 393—418. — doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5190.3.4.
↑ 123Wood, T.J. (2021) Revision of the Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) fauna of Bulgaria and North Macedonia with description of three new species. Belgian Journal of Entomology, 117, 1—39. ссылка
↑Wood Thomas J.; Ghisbain, Guillaume4 Michez, Denis; Praz, Christophe J. Revisions to the faunas of Andrena of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco with the descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) (англ.) // European Journal of Taxonomy : Журнал. — 2021. — Vol. 758. — P. 147—193. — doi:10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1431.
↑Wood TJ, Molina FP, Bartomeus I (2022a) A new Andrena species (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) from the overlooked Doñana Protected Areas of southern Spain. Belgian Journal of Entomology 126: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.47446/OSMIA10.1
↑Wood TJ (2021). Fifteen new Andrena species from little-visited arid, Mediterranean, and mountainous parts of the Old World (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Zootaxa Vol 4933, No 4: 451—492 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4933.4.1
↑Pisanty G. et al. (2022). Twenty-five new species of mining bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Andrena) from Israel and the Levant. Zootaxa 5185 (1): 001—109 https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5185.1
↑Wood, T. J., & Monfared, A. (2022). A revision of the Andrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) fauna of Iran, with the description of 16 new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 843(1), 1—136. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.843.1947
↑Wood, T. J. New Old World Andrena species, with a focus on Turkey (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — 2023. — Vol. 5266, no. 1. — P. 1—72. — doi:10.11646/zootaxa.5266.1.1.
↑Wood, T. J. Revisions to the Andrena fauna of north-western Africa with a focus on Morocco (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) (англ.) // European Journal of Taxonomy : Журнал. — 2023. — Vol. 916, no. 1. — P. 1—85. — doi:10.5852/ejt.2023.916.2381.
↑Wood, T. J. Further revisions to the Palaearctic Andrena fauna (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae) (англ.) // Zootaxa : Журнал. — 2024. — Vol. 5483, no. 1. — P. 1—150. — doi:10.11646/ZOOTAXA.5483.1.1.
Литература
Осычнюк А. З.Определитель насекомых европейской части СССР, Andrenidae // Л., Наука. — 1978. — Т. 3. — С. 315—369.
Осычнюк А. З. Новый вид рода Andrena F,(Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) из Приморья // В сб.: Перепончатокрылые Дальнего Востока. Владивосток, 1981. — С. 113—116.
Осычнюк А. З. Новые дальневосточные виды андрен подрода Euandrena Hed. (Hynenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae) // В кн.: Перепончатокрылые Восточной Сибири и Дальнего Востока. — Владивосток, 1986. — С. 111—116.
Осычнюк А. З. 1995. Сем. Andrenidae — Андрениды // Определитель насекомых Дальнего Востока России. — Санкт-Петербург. — Том 4. — Часть 1. — С. 489—527.
Astafurova Y. V., Proshchalykin M. Y., Sidorov, D. A., & Osytshnjuk, A. Z. (2021). The type specimens of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. Contribution IV. Family Andrenidae, genus Andrena Fabricius, 1775, species described by F. Morawitz. Zootaxa, 5037(1), 1—78. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5037.1.1
Bouseman, J.K., and W.E. LaBerge 1979. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part IX. Subgenus Melandrena. Trans.Am. Entomol. Soc., 104:275—389
LaBerge, W.E. 1964. Prodromus of American bees of the genus Andrena. Bull.Univ. Neb. State Mus., 4(14):279-316.
LaBerge, W.E. 1967. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part I. Callandrena. Univ. Neb. State. Mus. Bul., 7:1—316. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/museumbulletin/53/
LaBerge, W.E. 1969. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part II. Plastandrena, Aporandrena, Charitandrena. Trans.Am. Entomol. Soc., 95:1—47.
LaBerge, W.E., and J.K. Bouseman 1970. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena in the Western Hemisphere. Part III. Tylandrena. Trans. Am.Entomol. Soc., 96:543—605.
LaBerge, W.E. 1971. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part. IV. Scrapteropsis, Xiphandrena, and Rhaphandrena. Trans.Am. Entomol. Soc., 97:441—520.
LaBerge W.E., and D.W. Ribble 1972. A revision of the bees of the genusAndrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part V. Gonandrena, Geissandrena, Parandrena, Pelicandrena. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 98:271—358.
LaBerge, W.E. 1973. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part VI. Subgenus Trachandrena. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc.,99:235—371.
LaBerge W.E., and D.W. Ribble. 1975. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the WesternHemisphere. Part VII. Subgenus Euandrena. Trans. Am. Entomol.Soc., 101:371—446.
LaBerge, W.E. 1977. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part VIII. Subgenera Thysandrena, Dasyandrena, Psammandrena,Rhacandrena, Euandrena, Oxyandrena. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 103:1—143.
LaBerge, W.E. 1980. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part X. Subgenus Andrena. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 106:395—525.
LaBerge, W.E. 1986. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part XI. Minor subgenera and subgeneric key. Trans. Am. Entomol.Soc., 111:441—567. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25078376
LaBerge, W.E. 1987. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part XII. Subgenera Leucandrena, Ptilandrena, Scoliandrena, and Melandrena. Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc., 112:191—248.
LaBerge, W.E. 1989. A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere. Part XIII. Subgenera Simandrena and Taeniandrena. Trans.Am. Entomol. Soc., 115:1—56.
LaBerge Wallace E., Robbin W. Thorp. (2006). A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere: Part XIV — Subgenus Onagrandrena. (2005). Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin (ISSN: 2644-0687), 37(1-6), 1—64. https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v37.119
LaBerge Wallace E., Robbin W. Thorp. (2006). A revision of the bees of the genus Andrena of the Western Hemisphere: Part XV — Subgenus Hesperandrena. (2005). Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 37(1-6), 65—94. https://doi.org/10.21900/j.inhs.v37.120
Lanham, U.N. l949. A subgeneric classification of the New World bees of the Genus Andrena. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol., 8:183—238
Warncke, K. (1968): Die Untergattungen der westpaläarktischen Bienengattung Andrena F. — Mem. Est. Mus. Zool. Univ. Coimbra, 307: 1—111.
Enoch AdeboyeLahirIfewara, Osun State, NigeriaKebangsaanNigeriaNama lainDaddy GO atau Pastor AdeboyePekerjaanPastor dan mantan Profesor Matematika Enoch Adejare Adeboye adalah seorang pastor Nigeria dan General Overseer Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG)[1][2] Pastor Adeboye mendapatkan gelar B.Sc.-nya dalam bidang Matematika di Universitas Nigeria Nsukka[3] dan kemudian mendapatkan gelar PhD-nya dalam bidang matematika terapan dari Universitas Lagos, dan be...
English painter (1723–1792) For other people with similar names, see Josh Reynolds. SirJoshua ReynoldsPRA FRS FRSASelf-portrait, c. 1750Born(1723-07-16)16 July 1723Plympton, Devon, EnglandDied23 February 1792(1792-02-23) (aged 68)Leicester Fields, London, EnglandResting placeSt Paul's CathedralEducationPlympton Free Grammar SchoolNotable workThe Age of InnocenceSignature Sir Joshua Reynolds PRA FRS FRSA (16 July 1723 – 23 February 1792) was an English painter wh...
هذه مقالة غير مراجعة. ينبغي أن يزال هذا القالب بعد أن يراجعها محرر؛ إذا لزم الأمر فيجب أن توسم المقالة بقوالب الصيانة المناسبة. يمكن أيضاً تقديم طلب لمراجعة المقالة في الصفحة المخصصة لذلك. (نوفمبر 2023) جامعة ليل معلومات المؤسس فيليب الثاني ملك إسبانيا التأسيس 1559[1]...
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Chevalier Guard Regiment— III —Chevalier Guard Regiment in the Battle of AusterlitzActive1800-1918CountryRussian EmpireBranchRussian Imperial GuardTypeHeavy cavalrySizeRegimentPart of1st Guard Cavalry divisionGarrison/HQSt. PetersburgMili...
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Armstrong. Neil Armstrong Portrait de Neil Armstrong en 1969. Nationalité américaine Agence spatiale National Aeronautics and Space Administration Sélection Groupe d'astronautes 2 (septembre 1962) Naissance 5 août 1930Wapakoneta (Ohio, États-Unis) Décès 25 août 2012 (à 82 ans)Cincinnati (Ohio, États-Unis) Postes occupés Pilote d'avion de chasse Pilote d'essai Durée cumulée des missions 8 j 14 h 12 min Sorties extravéhiculai...
Spanish painter (1891–1966) Celso LagarBornCelso Lagar Arroyo(1891-02-04)February 4, 1891Ciudad Rodrigo, SpainDiedSeptember 6, 1966(1966-09-06) (aged 75)Sevilla, SpainNationalitySpanishKnown forPainting, SculptureMovementFirst Generation School of ParisSpouseHortense Begué Celso Lagar Arroyo was a Spanish painter. In the late nineteenth century, he was one of the first generation Spanish expressionist painters from the School of Paris, where he lived most of his life. He was infl...
Chokoladebilen (« La voiture à chocolat »), de la société de déchets municipaux danoise Renholdningsselskabet af 1898 (en). Le nom vient de la couleur des déchets. Le camion[1] manipule les tinettes de vidange de fosses d'aisances. La R98 ne dispose que d'une seule voiture pour desservir les clients restants dans la région, généralement des ports de colonie dépourvus de réseau d'égouts. La vidange des latrines désigne l'opération consistant à vider la fosse des ...
Part of a series onAnarchism History Outline Schools of thought Feminist Green Primitivist Social ecology Total liberation Individualist Egoist Free-market Naturist Philosophical Mutualism Postcolonial African Black Queer Religious Christian Jewish Social Collectivist Parecon Communist Magonism Without adjectives Methodology Agorism Illegalism Insurrectionary Communization Expropriative Pacifist Platformism Especifismo Relationship Syndicalist Synthesis Theory Practice Anarchy Anarchist Blac...
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Italia (disambigua). Disambiguazione – Repubblica Italiana rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Repubblica Italiana (disambigua). Italia (dettagli) (dettagli) Italia - LocalizzazioneL'Italia (verde scuro) nell'Unione europea (verde chiaro) Dati amministrativiNome completoRepubblica Italiana Nome ufficialeRepubblica Italiana Lingue ufficialiItaliano[1] Altre lingueBilinguismo a livello regionale o ...
Bone of the spine For other uses, see Sacrum (disambiguation). SacrumPosition of the sacrum in the pelvisAnimation of the sacrum in the human skeletonDetailsPronunciation(/ˈsækrəm/ or /ˈseɪkrəm/LocationBase of the vertebral columnIdentifiersLatinos sacrumMeSHD012447TA98A02.2.05.001TA21071FMA16202Anatomical terms of bone[edit on Wikidata] The sacrum (pl.: sacra or sacrums[1]), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of t...
Progress and Poverty Sampul edisi 1881PengarangHenry GeorgeNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaInggrisSubjekKapitalisme, sosialisme, Georgisme, kebijakan pajak, lahan, rent ekonomiTanggal terbit1879Jenis mediaCetakan (Sampul keras)Halaman406ISBNISBN 1-59605-951-6 Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy adalah sebuah buku 1879 karya pakar teori sosial dan ekonomi Henry George Progress and Poverty ada...
Tepi Serranilla Pulau-pulau dipersengketakan Geografi Tepi Serranilla (Colombia) Lokasi Laut Karibia Koordinat 15°50′N 79°50′W / 15.833°N 79.833°W / 15.833; -79.833Koordinat: 15°50′N 79°50′W / 15.833°N 79.833°W / 15.833; -79.833 [1] Total pulau 4 Pulau utama Beacon Cay Wilayah administrasi Kolombia Departmen San Andrés dan Providencia Diklaim oleh Honduras Nikaragua Amerika Serikat Territory unor...
Professional wrestler Brock LesnarLesnar in 2015Born (1977-07-12) July 12, 1977 (age 46)Webster, South Dakota, U.S.Occupation(s)Professional wrestler, mixed martial artist, American football playerYears active2000–2007; 2012–present(professional wrestling)2004 (football)2007–2011; 2016 (MMA)Spouse Sable (m. 2006)Children4Professional wrestling careerRing name(s)Brock Lesnar[1]Billed height6 ft 3 in (191 cm)[2 ...
Glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkages of neuraminic acids exo-α-sialidaseIdentifiersEC no.3.2.1.18CAS no.9001-67-6 DatabasesIntEnzIntEnz viewBRENDABRENDA entryExPASyNiceZyme viewKEGGKEGG entryMetaCycmetabolic pathwayPRIAMprofilePDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsumGene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGOSearchPMCarticlesPubMedarticlesNCBIproteins Neuraminidase (GH34) ribbon diagram. An analog of its neuraminic acid substrate, used as an inhibitor drug, is the small white and red m...
Capital and largest city in Nepal Not to be confused with Kathmandu District or Kathmandu Valley. This article is about the capital city of Nepal. For other uses, see Kathmandu (disambiguation). Capital city in Bagmati, NepalKathmandu काठमाडौँKasthamandap, Kantipur, YenCapital cityKathmandu Metropolitan CityKathmandu's skyline with Gaurishankar visibleGhanta GharDharaharaPashupatinath TempleNarayanhiti PalaceKathmandu Durbar Square FlagSealNickname: City of Temples[1&...
American Hockey League team in Winnipeg, Manitoba Manitoba MooseCityWinnipeg, ManitobaLeagueAmerican Hockey LeagueConferenceWesternDivisionCentralFounded1994 (In the IHL)Home arenaCanada Life CentreColoursPolar Night blue, aviator blue, silver, white Owner(s)True North Sports & EntertainmentGeneral managerCraig HeisingerHead coachMark MorrisonCaptainJimmy OlignyMediaTSN680 CJOBAHLTV (Internet)AffiliatesWinnipeg Jets (NHL)Norfolk Admirals (ECHL)WebsiteMooseHo...
Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...
Romanian politician (1818–1892) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Dimitrie Brătianu – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Dimitrie BrătianuPrime Minister of RomaniaIn office10 April 1881 – 8 June 1881MonarchCarol I ...
Painting by Pieter de Hooch The Empty GlassArtistPieter de HoochYearc. 1652MediumOil on panelDimensions44 cm × 35 cm (17 in × 14 in)LocationMuseum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam The Empty Glass (c. 1652) is an oil-on-panel painting by the Dutch painter Pieter de Hooch. It is an example of Dutch Golden Age painting and is now in the collection of the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen. This painting was documented as a work by Gabriel Metsu by Hofstede...
