Teologie

Teologia (neogreacă θεολογία theología, din elină θεός theós „zeu”, „Dumnezeu” și λόγος lógos, „cuvânt”, „știință”)[1][2] înseamnă „învățătura lui Dumnezeu” sau a zeilor în general. În sens literal, termenul înseamnă știința sau cuvântul despre Dumnezeu[1][2].

Un teolog este o persoană care studiază sau a studiat teologia.

Teologia creștină

Față de științele comune, teologia se deosebește întrucât include în cercetarea sa, pe lângă realitatea imediată - numită și imanentă - ce se poate observa prin simțuri, și realitatea transcendentă (dacă pornim de la premiza că ar exista așa ceva).

După cum spune și numele ei, teologia se vrea a fi știință, fără a îndeplini însă criteriile aferente. Criterii științifice care nu sunt îndeplinite de teologie:[3]

  • Rezultatul deschis al cunoașterii (întrucât de cercetare nu prea poate fi aici vorba), teologia bazându-se pe o dogmă, cu pretenție de adevăr absolut:
  • Falsificabilitatea ipotezelor.

De obicei, Biserica creștină împarte teologia în patru domenii:

Teologia în alte religii

Prin extensie, se referă și la studiul altor subiecte religioase. Din acest punct de vedere este interesant faptul că în teologie sunt cuprinse și religii care, de fapt, nu vorbesc despre Dumnezeu (e.g. budism).

Vezi și

Note

  1. ^ a b http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/theology
  2. ^ a b „Teologie”. dexonline.ro. Accesat în . 
  3. ^ Mahner, Martin (). „Demarcating Science from Non-Science”. În Kuipers, Theo A.F. General Philosophy of Science. Elsevier. pp. 515–575. doi:10.1016/b978-044451548-3/50011-2. ISBN 978-0-444-51548-3. ISSN 1878-9846. Indeed, only few authors (e.g., [Kuipers, 2001]) have dared ask the question of whether, for example, theology is a pseudoscience, and whether there is such a thing as pseudophilosophy. ... Theology is somewhat different, because the work of theologians ranges from the social sciences to the humanities. While working, for instance, in the field of comparative religion, text analysis, or sociology of religion, theologians do proper scientific and humanistic work... Presumably, the main problem with theology is institutional, because theology is by its very essence denominational: the theologian is the representative of some particular religion and is therefore expected to accept its creed as a given. The core of this belief system is not open to revision as a matter of principle, wherefore it must be regarded as a form of unscientific dogmatism... Thus, it seems that, due to its fundamentally denominational and dogmatic nature, theology as an epistemic field is pseudoscientific or pseudohumanistic, respectively. 

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