Sistemul Continental

Sistemul Continental a fost o blocadă a comerțului britanic, impusă de Franța, menită să distrugă economia engleză, concepută în timpul războaielor napoleoniene, cu scopul de a izola Regatul Unit de Europa, din punct de vedere economic și politic, printr-un embargou comercial, dar nu a reușit niciodată pe deplin.

După ce flota franceză fusese nimicită în bătălia de la Trafalgar de navele engleze, Napoleon a încercat să înfrângă Anglia prin mijloace economice. În decretul emis la 21 noiembrie 1806 la Berlin se spunea : „Insulele britanice se află sub blocadă... Comerțul cu insulele britanice și orice alte relații cu ele sunt interzise“. Acest decret a fost respectat de toate statele vasale Franței și de toți aliații ei.[1]

Numai că această politică afecta interesele Rusiei, întrucât economia ei predominant agrară necesita un comerț activ cu Anglia industrială. Alexandru I al Rusiei a ignorat din ce în ce mai mult blocada continentală - vasele britanice transportau mărfuri în Rusia sub pavilion american - pentru ca, în cele din urmă, să o respingă deschis.[2]

Echilibrul european realizat la Tilsit și Erfurt este distrus, în decembrie 1810 de ruși, prin retragerea din Sistemul Continental. În 1812, Napoleon a invadat Rusia pentru a-l obliga pe Alexandru I al Rusiei să păstreze Rusia în Sistemul Continental.

Blocada continentală a încetat după înfrângerea lui Napoleon în Rusia. Acest sistem al lui Napoleon a dus economia central-europeană în pragul ruinei.

Note

  1. ^ Friedrich Engels: Karl Marx, „Contribuții la critica economiei politice“
  2. ^ Istoria politica moderna si contemporana

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