Revizionism (marxism)

Revizionismul reprezintă diverse idei, principii și teorii care se bazează pe o revizuire a marxismului. Potrivit criticilor, aceasta implică o revizuire semnificativă a teoriilor și premiselor fundamentale ale marxismului și, de obicei, implică realizarea unei alianțe cu clasa burgheză.[1] Academicienii au folosit revizionismul pentru a-i descrie pe autorii est-europeni post-staliniști care criticau guvernarea cu partid unic și susțineau libertatea presei și a artelor, democrația intra- și uneori inter-partide, sindicatele independente, abolirea privilegiilor birocratice și subordonarea poliției față de justiție.[2]

În discursul marxist, revizionismul poartă adesea conotații peiorative și termenul a fost folosit de multe facțiuni diferite. Se aplică de obicei altora și rareori ca o auto-descriere. Prin extensie, cei care consideră că luptă împotriva revizionismului se autoidentificau adesea ca fiind antirevizioniști⁠(d). Revizionismul este folosit cel mai adesea ca un epitet de către acei marxiști care cred că astfel de revizuiri sunt nejustificate și reprezintă o diluare sau abandonare a marxismului — un exemplu comun este negarea luptei de clasă.[3]

Istorie

Eduard Bernstein, un revizionist timpuriu

Revizionismul a fost folosit într-o serie de contexte pentru a se referi la revizuiri diferite sau pretinse ale teoriei marxiste. Cei care se opuneau revoluției lui Karl Marx prin prisma unei revolte violente și căutau mijloace mai pașnice, electorale pentru o revoluție socialistă, au fost cunoscuți ca revizioniști. Eduard Bernstein, un apropiat al lui Marx și Friedrich Engels, a fost unul dintre primii mari revizioniști și a jucat un rol important în Partidul Social Democrat din Germania (SPD).[4]

La sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea, termenul de revizionism era folosit pentru a-i descrie pe autorii democrat-socialiști, precum Bernstein, care căutau să revizuiască ideile lui Marx despre tranziția la socialism și susțineau că o revoluție prin forță nu este necesară pentru a realiza o societate socialistă.[5] Părerile lui Bernstein au dat naștere teoriei reformiste, care afirmă că socialismul poate fi realizat prin reforme pașnice treptate din interiorul unui sistem capitalist.[6]

Note

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary Revisionism 1. "A policy first put forward in the 1890s by Edward Bernstein (1850–1932) advocating the introduction of socialism through evolution rather than revolution, in opposition to the orthodox view of Marxists; hence a term of abuse used within the communist world for an interpretation of Marxism which is felt to threaten the canonical policy." Cites the first use in English "1903 Social-Democrat VII. 84 (heading) Revisionism in Germany."
  2. ^ Paltemaa, Lauri (). „The Democracy Wall Movement, Marxist Revisionism, and the Variations on Socialist Democracy”. Journal of Contemporary China⁠(d) (în engleză). 16 (53): 602. doi:10.1080/10670560701562325. ISSN 1067-0564. 
  3. ^ Tse-Tung, Mao (iulie 1964). On Khrushchov's Phoney Communism and Its Historical Lessons for the World. ... the revisionist Khrushchov clique base themselves mainly on the argument that ... class struggle no longer exists. 
  4. ^ Steger, Manfred (). The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism: Eduard Bernstein And Social Democracy. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 
  5. ^ Eichhorn, Wolfgang, ed. (). „Über Eduard Bernstein. Gegensatz und Berührungspunkte zu Rosa Luxemburg und W. I. Lenin” [About Edward Bernstein. Contrast and points of contact with Rosa Luxemburg and V. I. Lenin]. Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung⁠(d) [Yearbook for research into the history of the labor movement] (în germană). 
  6. ^ Wiener, Philip P., ed. (). Dictionary of the History of Ideas. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.  referenced in Kindersley, R. K. „Marxist revisionism: From Bernstein to modern forms”. University of Virginia⁠(d) Library. Accesat în . 

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