Polikarpov Po-2

Polikarpov Po-2
TipSTOL Avion de antrenament
atac la sol
utilitar
pentru agricultură
Țară de origine Uniunea Sovietică
ConstructorPolikarpov
Proiectat deNikolai Polikarpov
Zbor inaugural7 ianuarie 1928[1][2][3][4][5]
Produs1929 - 1959
Introdus1929
Beneficiar principalForțele Aeriene Sovietice (VVS)
Alți beneficiariForțele Aeriene Poloneze
Bucăți fabricate40.000[3][6][7]

Polikarpov Po-2 (Cod NATO: „Mule” = catâr) denumit până în 1944 Polikarpov U-2, este un avion biplan sovietic, construit într-un număr de aproximativ 40.000 [3][6][7] de exemplare timp de peste 26 ani, fiind unul din cele mai mult construite avioane din lume după Cessna 172 (44.000 exemplare). Initiala U vine de la Учебный (Transliterare: ucebnîi = formare, insructor). A fost poreclit Kukuruznik (rusă Кукурузник),[8] inițial însemnând câmp cu porumb[N 1].

Istoric

Inițial a fost proiectat la OKB Polikarpov ca avion școală, dar cu timpul U-2 a primit totuși diferite alte utilizări. În primăvara anului 1927 au fost terminate primele planuri ale avionului, la 7 ianuarie 1928 a avut loc primul zbor al prototipului.[2][3][4][5] Avionul s-a evidențiat prin deservire și întreținere simple, maniabilitate și o mare stabilitate în zbor, astfel că din 1930 a intrat în construcție de serie.

Avion Po-2 cu insemnele Iugoslaviei

Proiectarea

Aparatul a fost proiectat de Nikolai Polikarpov în OKB și trebuia să înlocuiască U-1 (Avro 504). Între 1928 și 1944, avionul se numea U-2, schimbarea în Po-2 a survenit după ce Polikarpov a decedat.

Caracteristici tehnice

Planul avionului Policarpov Po-2 cu cele trei vederi

Caracteristici

  • tip: avion biplan
  • propulsie: elice
  • echipaj: 1 pilot
  • pasageri: 1

Dimensiuni

  • anvergura: 11.40 m
  • lungime: 8.17 m
  • înălțime: 3.10 m
  • suprafață portantă: 33.2 m²

Greutăți (mase)

  • greutate gol: 770 kg
  • greutate totală: 1,030 kg
  • sarcină utilă: 260 kg

Motorizare

  • motor: 1 × Shvetsov M-11D 5-cilindri în stea
  • putere motor: 125 CP (92 kW)
  • putere specifică: 60 W/kg
  • capacitate rezervor: nespecificat
  • elici: 1

Performanțe

  • viteză maximă: 152 km/h
  • viteză de croazieră: 110 km/h
  • rază operațională: 630 km
  • plafon: 3,000 m
  • viteză ascensională: 2.78 m/s

Armament

  • Arme: 1 × mitralieră ShKAS de calibru 7.62 mm
  • Bombe: 6 × 50 kg

Note

  1. ^ Ulterior Kukuruznik a fost porecla dată de populație și conducătorului sovietic Nikita Hrușciov, deoarece a vrut ca întregul teritoriu al Uniunii Sovietice să fie cultivat cu porumb; de asemenea și avionul Antonov An-2 a fost astfel numit, datorită utilizării lui în agricultură la împrăștiat pesticide și îngrășăminte.

Referințe

  1. ^ Wadim Schawrow: Flugzeugkonstruktionen in den Jahren der sowjetischen Industrialisierung (3) - Schulflugzeug U-2 (Po-2). In: Fliegerkalender der DDR 1981. Militärverlag. Berlin, 1980. p. 187
  2. ^ a b Wilfried Kopenhagen: Sowjetische Bombenflugzeuge. Transpress. Berlin, 1989. ISBN 3-344-00391-7. p. 147
  3. ^ a b c d Wilfried Kopenhagen, Jochen K. Beeck: Das große Flugzeugtypenbuch. Motorbuch. Stuttgart, 2005. ISBN 978-3-613-02522-6, p. 503.
  4. ^ a b Peter Alles-Fernandez (Hrsg.): Flugzeuge von A–Z - Band 3: Koolhoven FK 56–Zmaj. Bernard&Graefe. Koblenz, 1989. ISBN 3-7637-5906-9. p. 244
  5. ^ a b lt. Olaf Groehler: Geschichte des Luftkriegs 1910 bis 1980, Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin 1981, p. 108 fand der Erstflug am 7. Juni 1928 statt.
  6. ^ a b Susan Harris (Red.): Enzyklopädie der Flugzeuge – Technik-Modelle-Daten.Weltbild. Augsburg, 1992. ISBN 3-89350-055-3. p. 28
  7. ^ a b lt. Olaf Groehler: Geschichte des Luftkriegs 1910 bis 1980, Militärverlag der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin 1981, p. 108 33.000 in Serienfertigung gebaute Exemplare
  8. ^ С. А. Кузнецов Большой толковый словарь русского языка 2000 479. о.

Bibliografie

  • de Detlef Billig, Manfred Meyer (). Flugzeuge der DDR Band 1. Friedland: TOM Modellbau. p. 30–37. ISBN 3-613-02197-8. 
  • de Heinz A. F. Schmidt. Sowjetische Flugzeuge. Berlin: Transpress. p. 171. 
  • de Wilfried Kopenhagen (). Sowjetische Bombenflugzeuge. Berlin: Transpress. pp. 146–149. ISBN 3-344-00391-7. 
  • de Olaf Groehler (). Geschichte des Luftkriegs 1910 bis 1980 (ed. 6., überarbeitete). Berlin: Militärverlag der DDR. 
  • de Marina Pawlowna Tschetschnewa (). Der Himmel bleibt unser. Berlin: Militärverlag der DDR. ISBN 3-327-00703-9. 

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