Perioada caldă medievală

Perioada caldă medievală, cunoscută și ca Optimul climatic medieval, este o perioadă de încălzire în zona Atlanticului de Nord între anii 950 - 1250[1]. Temperatura la nivel global ar fi putut fi ușor mai scăzută decât cea ce la începutul sec.XX [2].

Profitând de topirea ghețurilor și verile mai calde, vikingii au explorat țărmurile arctice și au stabilit colonii în Islanda (874), sudul Groenlandei (980-990, Erik cel Roșu) și estul Americii de Nord (Leif Eriksson, cca. 1000).[3]

Între 1300 și 1850 această zonă a cunoscut o lungă si dramatică răcire, cunoscută sub denumirea de Mica Glaciațiune.[4]

Unele studii indică această perioadă de optim climatic ca fiind o anomalie climatică medievală în cadrul unei perioade de răcire globală (Neoglaciațiunea Holocenului), subliniind că semnificația efectelor sale a depășit domeniul anecdotic al temperaturilor.[5]

Nivelul temperaturilor din timpul optimului climatic medieval a fost semnificativ mai ridicat decât cel din timpul Micii Glaciațiuni care a urmat. Mai exact, a fost echivalent cu cel din anii '90, dar nu ar fi atins nivelul „global” al temperaturilor de la începutul secolului al XXI-lea.[6][7]

Note

  1. ^ Mann, Michael E.; Zhang, Zhihua; Rutherford, Scott; Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K.; Shindell, Drew; Ammann, Caspar; Faluvegi, Greg; Ni, Fenbiao (), „Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly”, Science (în engleză), 326 (5957), pp. 1256–1260, doi:10.1126/science.1177303, ISSN 0036-8075, accesat în  
  2. ^ Bradley, Raymond S.; Hughes, Malcolm K.; Diaz, Henry F. (), „Climate in Medieval Time”, Science (în engleză), 302 (5644), pp. 404–405, doi:10.1126/science.1090372, ISSN 0036-8075, accesat în  
  3. ^ Evoluția climei în ultimii 2300 de ani
  4. ^ Matthews, John A.; Briffa, Keith R. (2005-03), „The 'little ice age': re‐evaluation of an evolving concept”, Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography (în engleză), 87 (1), pp. 17–36, doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2005.00242.x, ISSN 0435-3676, accesat în 19 ianuarie 2024  Verificați datele pentru: |date= (ajutor)
  5. ^ Raymond S. Bradley, Climate System Research Center. « Climate of the Last Millennium », 2003. 23 février 2007.
  6. ^ Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly (în engleză), 326 (5957), , pp. 1256–60 .
  7. ^ „Tree rings reveal: It has never been this warm in the past 1200 years”. 

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