Fosforilare

În chimie, termenul de fosforilare face referire la reacția de atașare a unui rest fosfatic (mai exact fosforil PO2−
3) la o moleculă a unui compus chimic. Împreună cu reacția inversă, denumită defosforilare, cele două reacții sunt esențiale pentru multe procese celulare ce au loc în organismele vii și se produc prin acțiunea unor enzime. Fosforilarea este importantă în special pentru funcționarea proteinelor, mai exact în procesul de reglare (modulare) al funcțiilor acestora (adică procese de activare sau dezactivare)^[1]^[2]^[3] sau în metabolismul energetic (fosforilare oxidativă).

Multe molecule proteice (aproximativ o treime sau două treimi din proteomul organismelor eucariote)^[4]^[5] sunt fosforilate temporar, proces realizat de asemenea și pentru glucide, lipide și alte molecule cu importanță biologică.

Obținerea ATP

Compusul trifosforilat este un compus care are în compoziția sa trei grupări fosfat (compus triplu fosforilat), de exemplu adenozintrifosfatul (abreviat ATP), care este obținut în cadrul mitocondriilor prin fosforilarea unei molecule de adenozindifosfat, ADP.

Note

^ Oliveira, Ana Paula; Sauer, Uwe (1 martie 2012). „The importance of post-translational modifications in regulating Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism”. FEMS Yeast Research. 12 (2): 104–117. doi:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00765.x. ISSN 1567-1364. PMID 22128902.
^ Tripodi, Farida; Nicastro, Raffaele; Reghellin, Veronica; Coccetti, Paola (1 aprilie 2015). „Post-translational modifications on yeast carbon metabolism: Regulatory mechanisms beyond transcriptional control”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1850 (4): 620–627. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.12.010. ISSN 0006-3002. PMID 25512067.
^ Vlastaridis, Panayotis; Papakyriakou, Athanasios; Chaliotis, Anargyros; Stratikos, Efstratios; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigorios D. (3 aprilie 2017). „The Pivotal Role of Protein Phosphorylation in the Control of Yeast Central Metabolism”. G3 (Bethesda, Md.). 7 (4): 1239–1249. doi:10.1534/g3.116.037218. ISSN 2160-1836. PMC 5386872 . PMID 28250014.
^ Cohen, Philip (1 mai 2002). „The origins of protein phosphorylation”. Nature Cell Biology. 4 (5): E127–130. doi:10.1038/ncb0502-e127. ISSN 1465-7392. PMID 11988757.
^ Vlastaridis, Panayotis; Kyriakidou, Pelagia; Chaliotis, Anargyros; de Peer, Yves Van; Oliver, Stephen G.; Amoutzias, Grigoris D. (7 ianuarie 2017). „Estimating the total number of phosphoproteins and phosphorylation sites in eukaryotic proteomes”. GigaScience. 6 (2): 1–11. doi:10.1093/gigascience/giw015. ISSN 2047-217X. PMC 5466708 . PMID 28327990.

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