Eveniment (relativitate)

În fizică, și în special în teoria relativității, un eveniment este o situație fizică instantanee. Este o generalizare a conceptului de „punct” în 4 dimensiuni, reprezentând astfel un punct în spațiu-timp (adică un loc și un timp anume). De exemplu, spargerea unei sticle pe podea este un eveniment; se întâmplă într-un loc unic și la un moment unic.^[1] Strict vorbind, noțiunea de eveniment este o idealizare, în sensul că specifică un timp și un loc definite, în timp ce orice eveniment real este obligat să aibă o extindere finită, atât în timp, cât și în spațiu.^[2]^[3]

La alegerea unui sistem de referință, se pot atribui coordonate evenimentului: trei coordonate spațiale ${\vec {x}}=(x,y,z)$ pentru a descrie locul și o coordonată temporală $t$ pentru a specifica momentul în care are loc evenimentul. Aceste patru coordonate $({\vec {x}},t)$ împreună formează un 4-vector asociat evenimentului.

Unul dintre obiectivele relativității este acela de a specifica posibilitatea ca un eveniment să influențeze un alt eveniment. Aceasta se face prin tensorul metric^⁠(d), care permite determinarea structurii cauzale^⁠(d) a spațiului. Diferențele (sau distanțele) între două evenimente pot fi clasificate în distanțe spațiale, luminoase și temporale. Numai dacă două evenimente sunt separate printr-o distanță luminoasă sau temporală, ele se pot influența reciproc.

Note

^ A.P. French (1968). Special Relativity, MIT Introductory Physics Series, CRC Press,
^ Leo Sartori (1996). Understanding Relativity: a simplified approach to Einstein's theories, University of California Press, ISBN: 0-520-20029-2, p. 9.
^ Fock, V. (1964). The Theory of Space, Time and Gravitation. Pergamon Press. p. 33. By "event" we mean an instantaneous occurrence that can be characterized by a point in space and a corresponding moment of time.

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