Caroserie

Sedan (cu 3 volume), break (cu 2 volume) și hatchback (cu 2 volume).

Caroseria este o componentă principală a automobilului montată în partea superioară a acestuia ca suport pentru transportul persoanelor, pentru încărcătură sau pentru utilajele de lucru montate pe automobil. În general caroseria mai are și rolul de a separa incărcătura, utilajele sau persoanele transportate de restul automobilului și de mediul înconjurător, pentru siguranță.

Clasificarea caroseriilor

După destinație există următoarele clase de caroserii
  1. Caroserii de autoturisme
  2. Caroserii de autobuze
  3. Caroserii de camioane
  4. Caroserii speciale
După modul de preluare a eforturilor există următoarele categorii
  1. Caroserie neportantă - nu preia forțele mișcării mașinii
  2. Caroserie semiportantă - preia parțial eforturile din mișcare
  3. Caroserie autoportantă - preia integral forțele miscării
După formă și funcționalitate

Caroseria autoportantă

Caroseria autoportantă este caroseria care preia total acțiunea forțelor rezultate din mișcarea mașinii pe care este montată. Constructiv, face corp comun cu cadrul automobilului.

Caroseria semiportantă

Caroseria semiportantă este caroseria care preia în parte eforturile mecanice ale mișcării automobilului. Prin construcție podeaua caroseriei este fixată rigid de cadru prin buloane, nituri sau sudură.

Caroseria neportantă

Caroseria neportantă este acel tip de caroserie care nu preia eforturile rezultate din mișcarea mașinii pe care este montată. Constructiv, caroseria neportantă este separată de cadru fiind fixată elastic pe acesta. Toate tipurile de eforturi sunt preluate de cadru, mișcările fiind amortizate de suspensie.

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