Cale metabolică

În biochimie, o cale metabolică este o serie de reacții chimice care au loc într-o celulă. Într-o cale metabolică, un metabolit este modificat prin o cascadă de reacții chimice. Aceste reacții sunt catalizate de enzime, unde produsul chimic al unei enzime reprezintă substratul următoarei.[1]:26 Aceste enzime au deseori nevoie de minerale, vitamine și alți cofactori pentru a funcționa corect.[2]

Diferitele căi metabolice se desfășoară, în cazul celulei eucariote, într-o anumită locație celulară, în funcție de importanța pe care procesele o prezintă în metabolismul corespunzător.[3] De exemplu, căile specifice metabolismului energetic, precum sunt lanțul transportor de electroni și fosforilarea oxidativă, au loc doar la nivelul membranei mitocondriale.[4]:73, 74 & 109 Pe de altă parte, procese precum glicoliza, calea pentozo-fosfat și biosinteza acizilor grași au loc la nivelul citosolului celular.[5]:441–442

Căile metabolice sunt esențiale pentru menținerea homeostazei unui organism, iar fluxul metaboliților într-o cale metabolică depinde de nevoile unei celule și de abundența substratului. Produsul final al unei căi metabolice poate fi folosit imediat sau poate fi păstrat pentru folosirea ulterioară. Metabolismul unei celule constă dintr-o rețea amplă de căi metabolice interconectate, care facilitează anabolismul și catabolismul.

Note

  1. ^ David L. Nelson; Cox, Michael M. (). Lehninger principles of biochemistry (ed. 5th). New York: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-7108-1. 
  2. ^ Alison, Snape. Biochemistry and molecular biology. Papachristodoulou, Despo K., Elliott, William H., Elliott, Daphne C. (ed. Fifth). Oxford. ISBN 9780199609499. OCLC 862091499. 
  3. ^ Nicholson, Donald E. (martie 1971). An Introduction to Metabolic Pathways by S. DAGLEY (ed. Vol. 59, No. 2). Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society. p. 266. 
  4. ^ Harvey, Richard A (). Biochemistry (ed. 5th). Baltimore, MD 21201: Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 978-1-60831-412-6. 
  5. ^ Voet, Donald; Judith G. Voet; Charlotte W. Pratt (). Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level (ed. 4th). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. ISBN 978-0470-54784-7. 


v • d • m
Metabolism (Catabolism, Anabolism)
General
Metabolismul
energetic
Acceptorii de electroni sunt alții decât oxigenul
Căi
specifice
Uman
Calea pentozo-fosfat  • Fructoliză  • Galactoliză
Glicozilare (N-linkată  • O-linkată)
Non-uman
Altele
Metabolismul
nucleotidelor
Altele

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