Watt

 Nota: Para outras definições, veja Watts (desambiguação).
Um wattímetro para medir a potência elétrica.

O watt (símbolo: W), ou vátio,[1] é a unidade de potência do Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI). É equivalente a um joule por segundo.[2]

A unidade recebeu este nome em homenagem a James Watt, pelas suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento do motor a vapor, e foi adotada pelo segundo congresso da associação britânica para o avanço da ciência em 1882.

Exemplos

Quando um objeto em velocidade constante de um metro por segundo é antagônico a uma força constante de um newton, a taxa de trabalho é de 1 watt.

No eletromagnetismo, um watt é a taxa de trabalho resultante quando um ampere () de corrente flui através de uma diferença de potencial elétrico de um volt ().


1W = 1V * 1A

Duas conversões de unidades adicionais podem ser obtidas a partir da Lei de Ohm.

Onde, ohm () é a unidade de medida no SI para resistência elétrica.

Múltiplos e submúltiplos

Múltiplo Nome Símbolo Submúltiplo Nome Símbolo
100 watt W
101 decawatt daW 10–1 deciwatt dW
102 hectowatt hW 10–2 centiwatt cW
103 quilowatt kW 10–3 miliwatt mW
106 megawatt MW 10–6 microwatt µW
109 gigawatt GW 10–9 nanowatt nW
1012 terawatt TW 10–12 picowatt pW
1015 petawatt PW 10–15 femtowatt fW
1018 exawatt EW 10–18 attowatt aW
1021 zettawatt ZW 10–21 zeptowatt zW
1024 yottawatt YW 10–24 yoctowatt yW

Watt elétrico e térmico

A unidade é uma homenagem ao engenheiro James Watt.

O termo técnico watt elétrico (símbolo: We) corresponde à produção de potência elétrica. Seus múltiplos são o megawatt elétrico (MWe) e o gigawatt elétrico (GWe').

O termo técnico watt térmico (símbolo : Wt ou Wth) corresponde à produção de potência térmica. Seus múltiplos são o megawatt térmico (MWt ou MWth) e o gigawatt térmico (GWt ou GWth).

Essa distinção é de uso corrente para separar produção elétrica e dissipação térmica de uma central. A potência de uma central é geralmente expressa sob a forma de potência elétrica (em MWe).

A potência térmica de uma central nuclear é, geralmente, o triplo da sua potência elétrica. A diferença corresponde ao rendimento termodinâmico (diretamente ligado à temperatura de funcionamento) e às perdas de conversão, dado que a transformação de energia térmica em energia elétrica não pode ser feita senão com perdas (o rendimento é da ordem de 30 a 40%), o que explica a magnitude das operações de resfriamento das centrais térmicas. A Central Nuclear Embalse (Argentina), por exemplo, gera 2109 MW de calor (2109 MWth) para somente 648 MW (648MWe) de eletricidade.

Embora de uso corrente, a adoção de símbolos dotados de índices não é recomendada pelo Escritório Internacional de Pesos e Medidas (BIPM), que só considera a existência de um único watt, pois é a quantidade medida que muda, não a unidade utilizada para a medida.

Em mecânica

Uma máquina de lavar necessita de uma potência entre 1 e 2,5 kW.

Em mecânica o watt é a potência desenvolvida por uma força de um newton aplicada a um ponto que se move um metro em um segundo. Ou seja, se um ponto sobre o qual se aplica uma força de um newton se move a uma velocidade de 1 m/s, então a potência é igual a 1 watt (1 W = 1 Nm/s):

onde:

é a força expressa em newtons.
é a distância expressa em metros.
é o tempo expresso em segundos.
é a velocidade expressa em m/s.
é o trabalho expresso em joules.

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ «vátio | Infopédia» 
  2. ↑ Young, Hugh; Freedman, Roger (2016). Física: mecânica. 1 14 ed. São Paulo: Pearson. p. 210. ISBN 978-85-430-0568-3 

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